tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-14217212483782911882024-02-19T11:19:53.875+05:30Hi-Tech Talkprejihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07628985740706143447noreply@blogger.comBlogger287125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1421721248378291188.post-56601017718925985272016-02-01T16:32:00.000+05:302016-02-01T17:25:56.100+05:30Wearable Sweat Sensor A real time Analyzer of your body biochemistry<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Wearable biosensors analyse your sweat and send health reports to smartphone in real time</h2>
Wearable sensors is the new hot topics now. Earlier in this blog I shared<a href="http://hitectac.blogspot.com/2015/07/smartphones-your-future-smart.html" target="_blank"><b> how the smartphone and innovative wearable technology will change the future of healthcare industry</b></a>. A recent publication in Nature magazine reveals the true existence of a wearable sensors, which can analyze body biochemistry from your sweat and send the report to your smartphone in real time. They call it as wearable sweat sensors.<script>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidfjLdAMnyixP-r5SGlJ6w9ywsOVoRxakBjWxr5V3NeUTDCYAZ6g1SclQVwmgkp_r_4Co6CqTwYgR54lThy_cphZ-N6IR51KeurFV55hw3r56HrmeHrnmAJlVeNURk2aYqSoYweSj9ygc/s1600/sweat+biosensor.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="425" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidfjLdAMnyixP-r5SGlJ6w9ywsOVoRxakBjWxr5V3NeUTDCYAZ6g1SclQVwmgkp_r_4Co6CqTwYgR54lThy_cphZ-N6IR51KeurFV55hw3r56HrmeHrnmAJlVeNURk2aYqSoYweSj9ygc/s640/sweat+biosensor.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sweat Sensor in a flexible plastic wristband : <span style="font-size: xx-small;">photo credit Nature</span></td></tr>
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<div>
This is a flexible plastic patches, which can read the molecular composition of sweat and send the real time analysis report to a smartphone. It could provide an alarm that you need to take some medication or you are getting dehydrated and needs to drinks some water.</div>
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<br /></div>
Several labs have been developing sensors for sweat, which contains a multitude of electrolytes and metabolites — the final products of the body’s biological processes (for example, the lactic acid that builds up after exercise). But these sensors have tended to measure only one component of sweat at a time, and generally cannot transmit their measurements in real-time.<div>
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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Perspiration on your phone</h3>
<br />Putting together existing advances in wearables technology, Javey’s team made the sensors from a flexible electronics board joined to a flexible printed plastic sensor array, which can detect glucose, lactate, sodium, potassium and body temperature. When the sensors come into contact with sweat they generate electrical signals that are amplified and filtered, and then calibrated using skin temperature. The data are then wirelessly transmitted to a smartphone.<div>
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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Challenges and Conclusion</h3>
There are still many challenges to overcome before you can expect to buy a sweat sensor incorporated into a wearable fitness band. For one thing, scientists aren’t used to working with such tiny quantities of fluid, and people aren’t always sweating.<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Sweat sensors will never be as accurate as blood tests, which are the “gold standard”. Our bodies closely control the molecular composition of our blood, but the content of our sweat is more variable and is sometimes influenced by microbes on our skin — so the medical relevance of the information that sweat provides will need to be rigorously tested. However, sweat does have an advantage: taking blood samples with a needle is not a practical means of assessing health on a minute-by-minute basis.</div>
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In time, the researchers hope to incorporate more sensors that might provide an even deeper picture of what’s happening in the body. Some research suggesting that certain biomarkers in sweat may correlate with symptoms in people with depression. By looking at those other chemicals we may be able to get information about the mental health of an individual.<div>
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prejihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07628985740706143447noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1421721248378291188.post-71115083422343953002016-01-28T08:19:00.001+05:302016-02-01T15:47:25.971+05:30Zika Virus outbreak :Know more<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div dir="ltr">
Zika virus is spread to people through mosquito bites. The most common symptoms of Zika virus disease are fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis (red eyes). The illness is usually mild with symptoms lasting from several days to a week. Severe disease requiring hospitalization is uncommon.</div>
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In May 2015, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) issued an alert regarding the first confirmed Zika virus infection in Brazil. The outbreak in Brazil led to reports of Guillain-Barre syndrome and pregnant women giving birth to babies with birth defects and poor pregnancy outcomes.<br />
<b>Where has </b><b>Zika</b><b> virus been found?</b></div>
<div dir="ltr">
Prior to 2015, Zika virus outbreaks have occurred in areas of Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Islands.In May 2015, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) issued an alert regarding the first confirmed Zika virus infections in Brazil.Currently, outbreaks are occurring in many countries.Zika virus will continue to spread and it will be difficult to determine how the virus will spread over time.</div>
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<b>Zika</b><b> in the United States and its territories:</b></div>
<div dir="ltr">
No locally transmitted Zika cases have been reported in the continental United States, but cases have been reported in returning travelers.Locally transmitted Zika virus has been reported in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.With the recent outbreaks, the number of Zika cases among travelers visiting or returning to the United States will likely increase.These imported cases could result in local spread of the virus in some areas of the United States.</div>
<div dir="ltr">
<b>Countries and territories with active </b><b>Zika</b><b> virus transmission</b></div>
<div dir="ltr">
<img src="http://www.cdc.gov/zika/images/zik-world-map_active_01-26-2016_web.jpg" /></div>
<div class="span5" style="background-color: rgb(255 , 255 , 255); box-sizing: border-box; clear: right; float: none; font-family: "lato" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 1px; width: 344px;">
<h4 style="font-size: 18px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 28px; margin: 10px 0px;">
AMERICAS</h4>
<ul class="list-block" style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 25px; padding: 0px;">
<li>Barbados</li>
<li>Bolivia</li>
<li>Brazil</li>
<li>Colombia</li>
<li>Dominican Republic</li>
<li>Ecuador</li>
<li>El Salvador</li>
<li>French Guiana</li>
<li>Guadeloupe</li>
<li>Guatemala</li>
<li>Guyana</li>
<li>Haiti</li>
<li>Honduras</li>
<li>Martinique</li>
<li>Mexico</li>
<li>Panama</li>
<li>Paraguay</li>
<li>Puerto Rico</li>
<li>Saint Martin</li>
<li>Suriname</li>
<li>U.S. Virgin Islands</li>
<li>Venezuela</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="span6" style="background-color: rgb(255 , 255 , 255); box-sizing: border-box; clear: right; float: none; font-family: "lato" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 1px; width: 344px;">
<h4 style="font-size: 18px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 28px; margin: 10px 0px;">
OCEANIA/PACIFIC ISLANDS</h4>
<ul class="list-block" style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 25px; padding: 0px;">
<li>Samoa</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="span5" style="background-color: rgb(255 , 255 , 255); box-sizing: border-box; clear: right; float: none; font-family: "lato" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 1px; width: 344px;">
<h4 style="font-size: 18px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 28px; margin: 10px 0px;">
AFRICA</h4>
<ul class="list-block" style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 25px; padding: 0px;">
<li>Cape Verde</li>
<li>Privention</li>
<li>No vaccine exists to prevent Zika virus disease (Zika).</li>
<li>Prevent Zika by avoiding mosquito bites (see below).</li>
<li>Mosquitoes that spread Zika virus bite mostly during the daytime.</li>
<li>Mosquitoes that spread Zika virus also spread dengue and chikungunya viruses.</li>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
When traveling to countries where Zika virus or other viruses spread by mosquitoes are found, take the following steps:</div>
<ul style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 25px; padding: 0px;">
<li>Use insect repellents<ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px;">
<li>When used as directed, insect repellents are safe and effective for everyone, including pregnant and nursing women.</li>
<li>Most insect repellents can be used on children. Do not use products containing oil of lemon eucalyptus in children under the age of three years.</li>
<li>Repellents containing DEET, picaridin, IR3535, and some oil of lemon eucalyptus and para-menthane-diol products provide long lasting protection.</li>
<li>If you use both sunscreen and insect repellent, apply the sunscreen first and then the repellent.</li>
<li>Do not spray insect repellent on the skin under your clothing.</li>
<li>Treat clothing with permethrin or purchase permethrin-treated clothing.</li>
<li>Always follow the label instructions when using insect repellent or sunscreen.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>When weather permits, wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants.</li>
<li>Use air conditioning or window/door screens to keep mosquitoes outside. If you are not able to protect yourself from mosquitoes inside your home or hotel, sleep under a mosquito bed net.</li>
<li>Help reduce the number of mosquitoes inside and outside your home or hotel room by emptying standing water from containers such as flowerpots or buckets.</li>
</ul>
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<img alt="Sick with Chikungunya, Dengue, or Zika? Protect yourself and others from mosquito bites during the first week of illness." class="fancy-border" src="http://www.cdc.gov/zika/images/sick_with_chikv_denv_zika.jpg" style="border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); max-width: 100%; padding: 5px; vertical-align: middle;" /></div>
</div>
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
<span style="font-weight: 700;">If you have Zika, protect others from getting sick</span></div>
<ul style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 25px; padding: 0px;">
<li>During the first week of infection, Zika virus can be found in the blood and passed from an infected person to another mosquito through mosquito bites. An infected mosquito can then spread the virus to other people.</li>
<li>To help prevent others from getting sick, avoid mosquito bites during the first week of illness.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
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<div>
<h2 style="font-size: 22px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 32px; margin: 10px 0px;">
Symptoms</h2>
<ul style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 25px; padding: 0px;">
<li>About 1 in 5 people infected with Zika virus become ill (i.e., develop Zika).</li>
<li>The most common symptoms of Zika are fever, rash, joint pain, or conjunctivitis (red eyes). Other common symptoms include muscle pain and headache. The incubation period (the time from exposure to symptoms) for Zika virus disease is not known, but is likely to be a few days to a week.</li>
<li>The illness is usually mild with symptoms lasting for several days to a week.</li>
<li>Zika virus usually remains in the blood of an infected person for a few days but it can be found longer in some people.</li>
<li>Severe disease requiring hospitalization is uncommon.</li>
<li>Deaths are rare.</li>
</ul>
<h2 style="font-size: 22px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 32px; margin: 10px 0px;">
Diagnosis</h2>
<ul style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 25px; padding: 0px;">
<li>The symptoms of Zika are similar to those of <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/dengue/" style="color: #075290;">dengue</a>and <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/chikungunya/index.html" style="color: #075290;">chikungunya</a>, diseases spread through the same mosquitoes that transmit Zika.</li>
<li>See your healthcare provider if you develop the symptoms described above and have visited an area where Zika is found.</li>
<li>If you have recently traveled, tell your healthcare provider when and where you traveled.</li>
<li>Your healthcare provider may order blood tests to look for Zika or other similar viruses like dengue or chikungunya.</li>
</ul>
<h2 style="font-size: 22px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 32px; margin: 10px 0px;">
Treatment</h2>
<ul style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 25px; padding: 0px;">
<li>No vaccine or medications are available to prevent or treat Zika infections.</li>
<li>Treat the symptoms:<ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px;">
<li>Get plenty of rest</li>
<li>Drink fluids to prevent dehydration</li>
<li>Take medicines, such as acetaminophen or paracetamol, to relieve fever and pain</li>
<li>Do not take aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), like ibuprofen and naproxen. Aspirin and NSAIDs should be avoided until dengue can be ruled out to reduce the risk of hemorrhage (bleeding). If you are taking medicine for another medical condition, talk to your healthcare provider before taking additional medication.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>If you have Zika, avoid mosquito bites for the first week of your illness.<ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px;">
<li>During the first week of infection, Zika virus can be found in the blood and passed from an infected person to another mosquito through mosquito bites.</li>
<li>An infected mosquito can then spread the virus to other people.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
prejihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07628985740706143447noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1421721248378291188.post-21184033350294774612015-10-08T12:04:00.001+05:302015-10-08T12:04:45.386+05:30Nexus 5 vs iPhone 6: is an old Nexus better than a new iPhone? ~ Hi-Tech Talk<a href="http://hitectac.blogspot.com.br/2014/12/nexus-5-vs-iphone-6-is-old-nexus-better.html">Nexus 5 vs iPhone 6: is an old Nexus better than a new iPhone? ~ Hi-Tech Talk</a><br />
<br />
<script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-58037457-1', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview');</script>prejihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07628985740706143447noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1421721248378291188.post-67195182079980289612015-08-17T22:54:00.000+05:302015-08-21T12:10:53.105+05:30DNA The Future Of Storage: How to store a Movie onto DNA?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div>
<br /></div>
There was a day in history , were Bill Gates Said<br />
<div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
640K is more memory than anyone will ever need</blockquote>
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<a href="http://archive.wired.com/politics/law/news/1997/01/1484" target="_blank"><span style="color: #cc0000;">Did Bill Gates really said this</span> </a>is a topic of debate. Now the<span style="color: #e06666;"> <a href="http://mashable.com/2012/06/22/data-created-every-minute/" target="_blank">amount of data and information</a> </span>generating in each second is enormous. </div>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Where we are storing all these data ?</div>
<div>
How long we can store all data ? And there are many more questions to answer. The cost, security, ease of duplication, space and resources required.</div>
<div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_YkSDlOZJDd-hDQkhhyphenhyphen5dj-iEmAM0LyIwmErSgLtSVDX7NiWvJBgKtrhp1VN-WYyVMxOxHixro_LtgoRop3QScfpRWGmsGnnm45Z5OJnU77Yw6tqt1Xr3hWzDPcKSsCRJWGDwT1A5RTs/s1600/DNA-Data-storage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Storing a movie to DNA" border="0" height="459" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_YkSDlOZJDd-hDQkhhyphenhyphen5dj-iEmAM0LyIwmErSgLtSVDX7NiWvJBgKtrhp1VN-WYyVMxOxHixro_LtgoRop3QScfpRWGmsGnnm45Z5OJnU77Yw6tqt1Xr3hWzDPcKSsCRJWGDwT1A5RTs/s640/DNA-Data-storage.jpg" title="Storing a movie to DNA" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">DNA The future of Data Storage </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<div>
Now in the changing world with free thinkers thinks that</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
There is always a way to do it better</blockquote>
Our nature has the answer for all our problems. Replicating the nature in a usable way is a mammoth task.<br />
<br />
Do you ever dreamed about storing all your data in a pin point?<br />
<br />
In this post we are discussing about something similar.<br />
<br />
Think about a world were all the information in the internet stored in drop of liquid !<br />
Billions of copies of the same can be made in a minute !<br />
And what if all the information would be safe not just for your lifetime but for millions of lifetimes?<br />
<br />
Do you think I am crazy?<br />
<br />
To Harvard genetic professor Dr. George Church, its sounds like the future.<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Now, Church is focused on doing something no other scientist has succeeded in doing: coding a film onto tiny strands of DNA</blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Preface</h3>
<div>
In 1984 Dr. Walter Gilbert, who was the Mentor of Dr. Church at Harvard, published the first genome sequencing method. This is not the first time Dr.Church trying to store information in DNA. In October 2012, Church succeeded in coding 20 million copies of his book, "<a href="http://www.regenesisthebook.com/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #cc0000;">Regenesis</span></a>", on to DNA. Carefully converting each letter of his book in to the alphabet of DNA.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
He debuted this achievement on<span style="color: #cc0000;"> <a href="http://www.cc.com/video-clips/fkt99i/the-colbert-report-george-church" target="_blank"><span style="color: #cc0000;">the Colbert Repor</span>t</a></span>, handing Stephen Colbert a slip of paper on which the millions of copies were contained in a tiny drop of liquid<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
I’ve been trying to read and write nucleic acids since I was a teenager</blockquote>
<br />
After the success of his book Church decided to take his research to next level<br />
<br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Coding Movie On To DNA</h3>
<div>
First movie to encoded in DNA is a 1902 French silent Film, "<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BNLZntSdyKE" target="_blank"><span style="color: #cc0000;">A Trip to the Moon</span></a> ". This movie considered to be the first-ever science fiction film. This project is funded by film industry giant Technicolor.</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjipl0csZqK1xDfRzAhvAVzAIOMain6ZSgHLfFn7Yt21QSuKoHN2dIsR2Jy5P7NkXoJ60QCqe8OebutOU3LwpVpHHbl9skzuxQlh0F1MKcBhvx00jmdcL_MLtRAQRQiFGfwtwGJO2IZFyg/s1600/A-trip-to-the-moon.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="A Trip to the moon will be the first movie ever coded in to DNA" border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjipl0csZqK1xDfRzAhvAVzAIOMain6ZSgHLfFn7Yt21QSuKoHN2dIsR2Jy5P7NkXoJ60QCqe8OebutOU3LwpVpHHbl9skzuxQlh0F1MKcBhvx00jmdcL_MLtRAQRQiFGfwtwGJO2IZFyg/s640/A-trip-to-the-moon.png" title="A Trip to the moon will be the first movie ever coded in to DNA" width="496" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A Trip to the moon will be the first movie ever coded in to DNA</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
How They Are Doing It ?</h3>
<div>
The DNA that the team using will be different from that found in living organisms. We can call it as an "Unnatural DNA", which is denser and more robust to store more information. The process of coding movie to DNA is a very complicated process. But it is something similar to the digitization process.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
The first step is the conversion of each pixels in the movie image in to a binary code based on the color. Based on the color it looks like 110010. This binary code in then converted into the chemical base Adenine(A), Guanine(G), Cytosine(C), Thymine(T). The same method will be used for the audio track as well.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
After producing all these DNA stands with information, each stands will index with a chemical label. This index provides the information about the position of the pixel or a sound in the movie. With special computer program such millions of DNA strands can be arranged to crate the movie. All the movie stored in micro size. Millions of copies can be created with ease and fast.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Now the question is to watch the movie. To watch the movie , all we need something to read the DNA and encode the movie- a DNA sequensor and a computer.</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
It’s a baby technology,We don’t want people to get expectations too high.</blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Future of This Technology </h3>
<div>
Don't think that this technology will replace your DVD player soon. Its value in near future lies in archiving. As we discussed at the beginning, storing data for a long time is a risky task. Now archived data kept on magnetic tapes in robotic libraries must be backed up every four years or so. It is a time consuming and risky copying practice.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
We’ve been exponentially storing more and more data on devices that are fragile, Any company that is doing archiving is worried. They are worried that they will be the one that finally messes something up</blockquote>
<div>
One day all our data can be stored in DNA in small vial and can make millions of copies of the same data very easily. The storage space requirement for this is very minimal. Although other scientist are working with Synthetic polymers and fuses quarts crystals , Church is convinced that DNA is the solution to the world's archiving problem.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Conclusion</h3>
In addition to its miniscule size, DNA lasts for up to<a href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/06/130626-ancient-dna-oldest-sequenced-horse-paleontology-science/"> <span style="color: #cc0000;">700,000 years without proper storage</span></a>. With proper storage, it can endure for millions. Therefore, information stored on DNA would not have to be re-saved every few years like current data storage methods require.<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Billions of copies can be reproduced quickly and cheaply.</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
There is no other polymer that would be a priori cheaper to manufacture or easier to program than DNA</blockquote>
The cost of encoding Church's book to DNA was estimated around $1000 and decoding cost was around $1000. The cost of DNA technology is dropping rapidly according to National Human Genome Research Institute.<br />
<br />
For Church, DNA storage is a little science with big possibilities. <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_Ev6uYoVO9MKP7x0QbMetpprPZPzf8awUr3VNUBaFPiaYq5fbmvYHT2plFhwmnPNZxbQvwmqu7BA7KVUxDEEbapm4G7qmEQhnZzEYJYvzDmuIRF2Fa-PGDXg8D43ttaYnPzYSCBZlnHA/s1600/Cloud-DNA.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="333" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_Ev6uYoVO9MKP7x0QbMetpprPZPzf8awUr3VNUBaFPiaYq5fbmvYHT2plFhwmnPNZxbQvwmqu7BA7KVUxDEEbapm4G7qmEQhnZzEYJYvzDmuIRF2Fa-PGDXg8D43ttaYnPzYSCBZlnHA/s400/Cloud-DNA.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Sharing is caring.. Don't forgot to share the post </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Leave your comment and suggestions...</span></div>
prejihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07628985740706143447noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1421721248378291188.post-91652976605155628792015-08-13T14:53:00.001+05:302015-08-18T10:08:17.231+05:30Google Is Alphabet OR Alphabet is Google ?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2>
New Company Alphabet From Goolge!</h2>
<div dir="ltr">
I am not sure, What I have to describe this new initiative.<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPr-1wkp22z-5ThzISTrQSRWM8bH6B0NzVPlggHC00CAYSMhEQAqmlWqRczdvGJt1DfocYy-KyTK7npOJjl9FvzxKR49qINCyhHABBmryH1owd6mTub0tHuGNerpbpGBZS9d6M7gLDdI4/s1600/alphabet-1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Alphabet Googles New company" border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPr-1wkp22z-5ThzISTrQSRWM8bH6B0NzVPlggHC00CAYSMhEQAqmlWqRczdvGJt1DfocYy-KyTK7npOJjl9FvzxKR49qINCyhHABBmryH1owd6mTub0tHuGNerpbpGBZS9d6M7gLDdI4/s640/alphabet-1.JPG" title="Alpahbet Googles new company" width="376" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Alphabet From Google : Now Google is Alphabet , Image : Alphabet</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div dir="ltr">
Is it a new initiate from Google Or Alphabet?</div>
<div dir="ltr">
Is Alphabet is Google or Google is Alphabet?</div>
<div dir="ltr">
</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Google is not a conventional company. We do not indent to be one.</blockquote>
As on date Google is the company and they were ruling, but now Google is a part of Alphabet.<br />
Alphabet is a group of company, and Google is a part of it among many other company.<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
We did a lot of things that seemed crazy at the time. Many of those crazy things now have over a billion users, like Google Maps, YouTube, Chrome, and Android. And we haven’t stopped there. We are still trying to do things other people think are crazy but we are super excited about.</blockquote>
At this point of time Google is a well performing company. Larry and Sergey took the decision to open a new company Alphabet. Larry as CEO and Sergey as President.<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Our company is operating well today, but we think we can make it cleaner and more accountable. So we are creating a new company, called Alphabet. I am really excited to be running Alphabet as CEO with help from my capable partner, Sergey, as President </blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
What is Alphabet?</h3>
<div>
Alphabet is nothing but <a href="http://abc.xyz/">abc.xyz</a></div>
Aphabet is a collection of companies. Google is a part of Aphabet. Google will be the biggest company in alphabet but the new Google is little slimmed down.<br />
<b><span style="color: orange;">Sundar Pichai</span></b> Will be the new CEO of Google.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxExYWQ9NFYZOrKVSXkdIZjKU_tm84CLgKcC9Ov6mFcmORRhsccU-sPBbOIfvwzep0iNNSW3tVww3p5iJzyaVxzzDM7wvY1jEIOGPWln_wPM8b0V1aZNhtpom_fkKQcT1Lco2Lj65j5Dg/s1600/sundar-pichai.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Google New CEO Sundar Pichai" border="0" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxExYWQ9NFYZOrKVSXkdIZjKU_tm84CLgKcC9Ov6mFcmORRhsccU-sPBbOIfvwzep0iNNSW3tVww3p5iJzyaVxzzDM7wvY1jEIOGPWln_wPM8b0V1aZNhtpom_fkKQcT1Lco2Lj65j5Dg/s640/sundar-pichai.jpg" title="Google New CEO Sundar Pichai" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sundar Pichai New CEO of Google :Image Google</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Sundar has been saying the things I would have said (and sometimes better!) for quite some time now, and I’ve been tremendously enjoying our work together</blockquote>
As explained by Larry in his opening letter, Alphabet is mostly a collection of companies, with companies that are far afield from the main internet products. He has given example of afield companies like new efforts towards <a href="http://goo.gl/Cx4qTQ" target="_blank"><span style="color: #e06666;"><b>health</b></span></a>; life science like glucose sensing contact lense , Calcio focused on longevity.<br />
<br />
<br />
The basic idea of Alphabet is about business prospering through strong leaders and independence. In simple word all small companies will run under strong CEO's under the strong guidance from Larry and Sergey.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
This new structure will allow us to keep tremendous focus on the extraordinary opportunities we have inside of Google</blockquote>
<b>Related Read:<span style="color: #ea9999;"> <a href="http://goo.gl/4CC5Wd" target="_blank"><span style="color: #ea9999;">How Smartphones revolutionize health care science</span></a></span></b><br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Alphabet Inc. Will Replace Google Inc. </h3>
<div>
All shares and publicly traded entity of Google Inc. will automatically converted in to the same number of shares of Alphabet Inc. The two class of shares continue to trade in Nasdaq as GOOGL and GOOG.<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<ul style="box-sizing: inherit;">We are excited about…</ul>
<ul style="box-sizing: inherit;">
<li>Getting more ambitious things done.</li>
</ul>
<ul style="box-sizing: inherit;">
<li>Taking the long-term view.</li>
</ul>
<ul style="box-sizing: inherit;">
<li>Empowering great entrepreneurs and companies to flourish.</li>
</ul>
<ul style="box-sizing: inherit;">
<li>Investing at the scale of the opportunities and resources we see.</li>
</ul>
<ul style="box-sizing: inherit;">
<li>Improving the transparency and oversight of what we’re doing.</li>
</ul>
<ul style="box-sizing: inherit;">
<li>Making Google even better through greater focus.</li>
</ul>
<ul style="box-sizing: inherit;">
<li>And hopefully… as a result of all this, improving the lives of as many people as we can</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Conclusion :Google Subsidiaries Companies </h3>
</div>
<div>
Google has done nearly 182 acquisitions and mergers from 2001 to July 2015, the last being Pixate from USA for material design. Due to this new development may of Google acquired companies and subsidiary companies will get more freedom and focus.</div>
<div>
To see the list of <a href="https://www.google.com.br/search?sa=X&biw=1366&bih=653&noj=1&site=webhp&q=google+subsidiaries&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGOovnz8BQMDwwoOZiFO_Vx9AxPTZPMkJQRTSzOj3Eo_OT8nJzW5JDM_Tz-_KD0xL7MqEcQptiouTSrOTMlMLMpMLX7EmMQt8PLHPWGpyElrTl5jDOYiXq-QGheba15JZkmlkAwXrxTCfg0GKW4uBJcnI0GU53jqWf4Wy_k6FXc_LZuxY9UVAOQAVzjFAAAA&npsic=0&ved=0CBkQ1i9qFQoTCNuJ-rbRpccCFQKTHgodD_wBuw" target="_blank">Google subsidiaries</a> and Wiki about <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Google" target="_blank">Google acquisitions and mergers</a> .</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
The main advantage of Google with the formation of Alphabet is, they can increase focus on subsidiaries. </div>
<div>
As Larry mentioned, Google is all about crazy ideas, If any of their crazy idea fails , it will not effect much on Google. They can go ahead with some minor consequences of the failures.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Now it will take long time for us to call Google as Alphabet. We have to wait how the new products names will come up. The android by Google or Alphabet, Google glass or Alphabet glass. Nexus from Google or Alphabet.</div>
<div>
Looking at the logo of Alphabet, one thing is very clear, Alphabet is really looking for a matured look than the crazy Google. But it is not quite true. The domain address of Alphabet is quite crazy. <b><span style="color: #ffe599;">abc.xyz</span></b> is really attractive and very innovative.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Now in Alphabet. we have </div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmTSH8pWd81Js38nT6fjLMNybQ5l-9DEJLMgPS0RC2Ro8nz1kNJpDPQyPo-Ws2wUMIwJdPBCkCdKpePXueOTvv_0RCMjbHuu11RzldZ9rBAuq0yEzVijka-NKBG7OUBHtW9amL3M9bZoA/s1600/G-is-for-google.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="G Is For Google" border="0" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmTSH8pWd81Js38nT6fjLMNybQ5l-9DEJLMgPS0RC2Ro8nz1kNJpDPQyPo-Ws2wUMIwJdPBCkCdKpePXueOTvv_0RCMjbHuu11RzldZ9rBAuq0yEzVijka-NKBG7OUBHtW9amL3M9bZoA/s200/G-is-for-google.jpg" title="G is For Google" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<b><br /></b></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Is For <span style="color: blue;">G</span><span style="color: #cc0000;">o</span><span style="color: #f1c232;">o</span><span style="color: blue;">g</span><span style="color: #6aa84f;">l</span><span style="color: #cc0000;">e</span></span></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Image :Alphabet</div>
</div>
prejihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07628985740706143447noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1421721248378291188.post-17790379663862035942015-07-27T20:55:00.000+05:302015-07-27T20:55:32.541+05:30The Link between Gut Microbes Antibiotics And Obesity<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
Today I will tell you a story; the relation between the microbes in your stomach and obesity.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
As usual, this story also has a hero, heroin and a villain.
Your stomach, microbes in your gut and antibiotics leads the role respectively.
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
How come the antibiotic a villain?<o:p></o:p></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaRYgXV4Vm_T-DpUWk8676YvAeR2Zo-O4ABi8kBaSgGyxmk8Mzhwb6lMXs5CgKKIxdjIlZlygReZnaTYetcly3Vca9TCmc_cWoEqCHqV6fFGssfKR3O_YbD3Q-r4Nf-KawlVKcjuiPGd4/s1600/24-Antibiotic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaRYgXV4Vm_T-DpUWk8676YvAeR2Zo-O4ABi8kBaSgGyxmk8Mzhwb6lMXs5CgKKIxdjIlZlygReZnaTYetcly3Vca9TCmc_cWoEqCHqV6fFGssfKR3O_YbD3Q-r4Nf-KawlVKcjuiPGd4/s1600/24-Antibiotic.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Link Between Antibiotics And Obesity</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="line-height: 200%;">To know more about it, you have to read this story to the
very end.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
The story starts long years ago, in the era of Antony van
Leeuwenhoek, who commonly known as ‘the father of microbiology’. He did improvements in microscope and
initiated the study of microbes- microbiology.
And Antony van Leeuwenhoek becomes our first microbiologist. On September
17, 1683, describing “very little animalcules, very prettily a-moving,” which
he had seen under a microscope in plaque scraped from his teeth. For more than
three centuries after van Leeuwenhoek's observation, 2012 The Human Microbiome
Project (HMP) established.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
We will have a look at how the relation is
building up between our lovers; stomach and microbes.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b>A Flashback:
The school days</b></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
The extensive studies shows, the number of
Bacteria in an average human body is ten times more than human cells. A total
of about 1000 more genes present than in the human genome. Because of their
small size, however, microorganisms make up only about 1 to 3 percent of our
body mass (that's 2 to 6 pounds of bacteria in a 200-pound adult). These
microbes are generally not harmful to us; in fact they are essential for
maintaining health. They produce some vitamins which we have no genetic code,
some microbes digest our food to extract nutrients which we need to survive,
teach our immune systems how to recognize dangerous invaders and even produce
helpful anti-inflammatory compounds that fight off other disease-causing
microbes.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b> Total Microbiota in human can weigh up to 2 kg</b></blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 200%;">Gut flora or gut microbiota consist of
complex community of microorganisms species that lives in digestive tracts of
animals. Bacteria make up most of the flora. Somewhere around 300 to 1000
different species liven in the stomach. Research suggests that the relationship
between gut </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora_(microbiology)" style="line-height: 200%;" title="Flora (microbiology)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">flora</span></a><span style="line-height: 200%;"> and humans is not merely </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commensalism" style="line-height: 200%;" title="Commensalism"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">commensal</span></a><span style="line-height: 200%;"> (a
non-harmful coexistence), but rather a </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutualism_(biology)" style="line-height: 200%;" title="Mutualism (biology)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">mutualistic</span></a><span style="line-height: 200%;"> relationship.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
Though people can survive without gut
flora, the microorganisms perform a host of useful functions, such
as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation_(biochemistry)" title="Fermentation (biochemistry)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">fermenting</span></a> unused energy substrates,
training the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">immune system</span></a>, preventing growth of harmful,
pathogenic bacteria, producing vitamins for the host, such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin" title="Biotin"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">biotin</span></a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">vitamin K</span></a>, and
producing hormones to direct the host to store fats. In return, these
microorganisms procure within the host a protected, nutrient-rich environment
in which they can thrive. However, in certain conditions, some species are
thought to be capable of causing <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disease" title="Disease"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">disease</span></a> by
producing <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infection" title="Infection"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">infection</span></a> or increasing <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">cancer</span></a> risk
for the host. <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<h2 style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b>The
Relation between Gut Microbiota and Obesity</b></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 200%;">In my previous post </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Roboto Slab', serif; line-height: 45px; text-align: left;"><a href="http://hitectac.blogspot.in/2015/05/obesity-link-to-artificial-light.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"><b>Obesity linked to exposure to Artificial light </b></span></a></span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> we discussed how the over exposure to artificial light leads to obesity. Now we will study the role of microbes.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
An early hint that gut microbes might play
a role in obesity came from studies comparing intestinal bacteria in obese and
lean individuals. In studies of twins who were both lean or both obese,
researchers found that the gut community in lean people was like a rain forest
brimming with many species but that the community in obese people was less
diverse—more like a nutrient-overloaded pond where relatively few species
dominate. Lean individuals, for example, tended to have a wider variety of
Bacteroidetes, a large tribe of microbes that specialize in breaking down bulky
plant starches and fibers into shorter molecules that the body can use as a
source of energy.<o:p></o:p></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b> The composition of gut microbiota is unique to each individual, just like our
fingerprints</b></blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
Differences in the gut Microbiome exist between
obese and lean human. Relative composition of Microbiome at the early life
predicts the subsequent development of overweight and obesity. In a
comparison, of obese children and normal-weight children, bifidobacterial
numbers during infancy were significantly higher in children remaining at a
normal weight at age 7 years, whereas significantly greater numbers of Staphylococcus
aureus in infancy were detected in children who
subsequently became overweight.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b>The
entry of Antihero: Use of Antibiotics </b></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
Now the point is clear that the diversity
of the gut Microbiome is very important for a healthy body. From here we will
try to identify the relation between obesity and the use of antibiotics. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_qHjw5hcxJfi3aMCD6a5T_ayWw2JvxF4RIn70xAwdd4QWPqLc5qyvXjUSiLg4JzFaz31NLKQYG5zLIMAJaorExD1xTMSOPQMcEj2CZ5Vp70KhtfCZ7S7MwdyXnkrziqEA04ZF8nAvB_k/s1600/24-antibiotics-map-01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="425" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_qHjw5hcxJfi3aMCD6a5T_ayWw2JvxF4RIn70xAwdd4QWPqLc5qyvXjUSiLg4JzFaz31NLKQYG5zLIMAJaorExD1xTMSOPQMcEj2CZ5Vp70KhtfCZ7S7MwdyXnkrziqEA04ZF8nAvB_k/s640/24-antibiotics-map-01.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The rate of Antibiotic Usage in US a state wise comparison : Source CDC</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9mC_5_Fye-nwydLsc0TrX-DNsJa2iRxe_zBxS4MRTYF8YGGOrZ47aMwZVfZ6SvqDv08YFckE54J9EN04x4Kr1L6ZwC9DLltVKX6Kf3UIhKgBLWdvjMSl6VzsSy7k0sWpfJBVW-pKibJE/s1600/24-Obesity-Map-US-2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="507" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9mC_5_Fye-nwydLsc0TrX-DNsJa2iRxe_zBxS4MRTYF8YGGOrZ47aMwZVfZ6SvqDv08YFckE54J9EN04x4Kr1L6ZwC9DLltVKX6Kf3UIhKgBLWdvjMSl6VzsSy7k0sWpfJBVW-pKibJE/s640/24-Obesity-Map-US-2.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">State wise Obesity rate in US . Source:Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System :CDC</td></tr>
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Different
antimicrobial agents can influence the normal gut microbiota in different ways.
The extent of the antibiotic induced alterations in the microbiota depends on
several factors: i) the spectrum of the agent, ii) dosage and duration of
treatment, iii) route of administration and iv) the pharmacokinetic and
pharmaco dynamic properties of the agent. For example, secretion of an
antibiotic by intestinal mucosa, bile or salivary glands may subsequently interfere
with the normal microbiota at different sites. Other side effects of some
antibiotics on the human host include disturbance of the metabolism and absorption
of vitamins, alteration of susceptibility to infections and overgrowth of yeast
and/or Clostridium. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4_wMHb7aYy_y5MyUGD3NnSb2rkWo91o9mnPZ_EKb50OYs5o-StjiPwW1A8scMoW1qIJWgL0r-FNjVPemS3E5WpmHLMkZ8YIC7iMHiRn1V_AKOESxv8zJg7oc2p0XLbqKLF54nFNCVI88/s1600/24-Antibiotic-effect-on+gut-microbes.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="204" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4_wMHb7aYy_y5MyUGD3NnSb2rkWo91o9mnPZ_EKb50OYs5o-StjiPwW1A8scMoW1qIJWgL0r-FNjVPemS3E5WpmHLMkZ8YIC7iMHiRn1V_AKOESxv8zJg7oc2p0XLbqKLF54nFNCVI88/s640/24-Antibiotic-effect-on+gut-microbes.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Research reports on effect of different Antibiotics on Gut Microbiota :Hitectac</td></tr>
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Several antibiotics are specifically
active against anaerobic bacteria that dominate in the human intestinal
microbiota. They play an important role in maintaining a healthy gut, such as
producing extensive amounts of volatile fatty acids. Therefore, treatment with
antibiotics that select against important groups of anaerobic bacteria can have
substantial consequences for the resultant functional stability of the
microbiota. One example is clindamycin, a relatively broad-spectrum antibiotic
that primarily targets anaerobic bacteria.<o:p></o:p></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b> More than 1,000 different known bacterial species can be found in human gut
microbiota, but only 150 to 170 predominate in any given subject</b></blockquote>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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Clindamycin has been shown to have a large
negative impact on the intestinal microbiota as seen by reduced resistance to
colonization by pathogens, leading to a high risk for pseudomembranous colitis
due to C. difficile overgrowth. C. difficile is commonly isolated in low
numbers from healthy individuals, but may increase in number as a consequence
of antibiotic-induced disturbances, in particular following suppression of the
normal beneficial members of the anaerobic microbiota. Gastritis and diarrhoea
are other recorded clindamycin-induced effects on the intestinal flora and
disturbances of normal bowel function can lead to symptoms such as bloating and
intestinal pain <o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Antibiotics
linked to childhood obesity </b></h2>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Young
children who are given repeated courses of antibiotics are at greater risk than
those who use fewer drugs of becoming obese, US researchers say.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">There
is a correlation observed that , the children had four or more course of
antibiotics by the age of 2 were at 10% more high risk of being obese. Even
though the direct correlation of antibiotics and obesity is not completely
understood, but indirectly it is true. The studies already proved that the high
use of antibiotics will alter the gut biome. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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US researchers from the University of
Pennsylvania and Bloomberg School of Public Health reviewed the health records
of more than 64,500 American children between 2001 and 2013. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The children were followed up until they
reached five years of age. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Almost 70% of them had been prescribed two
courses of antibiotics by the time they were 24 months old. <o:p></o:p></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="line-height: 200%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><a href="http://hitectac.blogspot.in/2015/05/drink-cold-water-fight-obesity.html" target="_blank">Do You Know : Drinking Cold Water Will Helps to reduce Obesity'</a></b></blockquote>
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<span style="line-height: 200%;">But those who had four or more courses in
this time were at a 10% higher risk of being obese at the age of five than
children who had been given fewer drugs.</span></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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And the type of antibiotics they were
prescribed appeared to make a difference too - those given drugs targeted at a
particular bug were less likely to put on weight. <o:p></o:p></div>
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But those given a broad-spectrum
antibiotic - that can kill several types of bacteria indiscriminately - were
more likely to have a higher body mass.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Prof Charles Bailey at the University of
Pennsylvania, said: "We think after antibiotics some of the normal
bacteria in our gut that are more efficient at nudging our weight in the right
direction may be killed off and bacteria that nudge the metabolism in the wrong
direction may be more active."<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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A couple of years ago I read a research
paper on the topic “<a href="http://www.nature.com/ajgsup/journal/v1/n1/full/ajgsup20125a.html" target="_blank"> Impact of the Gut Microbiota on the Development ofObesity: Current Concepts</a>” published in
Nature. This will be a good read to have some scientific information.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Conclusion</h2>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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Now we are at the end of our story. Yes
this is just a story, just to initiate a thought on your mind. I was trying to
spark the link between overuse of antibiotics- directly and through livestock’s-
is dangerously changing our gut microbiota. And this microbiota is very
essential for our body balance in many ways.
<o:p></o:p></div>
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Generic or broad-spectrum antibiotics are
not our friend. Antibiotic usage at infant stage will increase the risk of
obesity at later sate. As everyone says “What you are is what you eat”.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The story ends here with a question to
you.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><b>Do you know what are prebiotics and probiotics?</b></span><b><span style="color: blue;">How prebiotics and Probiotics help you to
maintain good health? </span></b></h3>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Share your answer with us so our microbiota
thrives in our gut and make us healthy.</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Have a good day… don’t forget to press
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prejihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07628985740706143447noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1421721248378291188.post-34061149188715462932015-07-18T12:47:00.001+05:302015-10-08T12:58:10.955+05:30Smartphones your future smart healthcare device will be an alternate for hospitals<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br />Over the past decade, smartphones have radically changed many aspects of our everyday lives, from banking to shopping to entertainment. Medicine is next. With innovative digital technologies, cloud computing and machine learning, the medicalized smartphone is going to upend every aspect of health care. And the end result will be that you, the patient, are about to take center stage for the first time. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Continuous health monitoring requires hospitalization, which can become expensive and inconvenient choice for patient. The days are not far, the smartphones become our hospital with all sophisticated health monitoring systems. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Imagine the days, where your smartphones continuously monitor your heart rates, blood pressure level, blood glucose level, stress level and sending reports to our doctor. The researchers are already gone far in this aspect. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">We have seen many patent applications from different smartphone manufactures on healthcare applications and technologies. The recent one is Body fat measurement techniques by Samsung. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">In this post, I will share some developments in smartphones towards health care. Initially I though it is an easy task. But when I initiated my research, I found the topic is so deep and very vast. This clearly indicates we are nearing towards an unimaginable world. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">To start with we will have some snap view on the new patent submitted by Samsung. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Measuring body fat using smartphone </span></h3>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2015102156&recNum=2&tab=PCTDocuments&maxRec=73&office=&prevFilter=&sortOption=Pub+Date+Desc&queryString=FP%3A%28DP%3A%28%5B07.07.2015+TO+31.07.2015%5D%29+AND+PA%3Asamsung%29" target="_blank">Samsung </a>is coming up with new smartphone sensors to measure <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance" target="_blank">electrical impedance</a> of your body fat level. The related applications use this data from sensors to calculate body fat level. The process is very simple. All you have to do is grab your phone in your hand like in the picture. The process is simple and very cheap and no need to wait for the results. </span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlEhyphenhyphenywzKZdfM2thMoMaW_8UNIwuRIOnb_a4HvAx9mrUOkD1RNSi2eHTIuKhDBnaGubhtaRFbLxVLcFS9YF9VZv9nUpO86ssD7sh4cGlgdYMGm-Kwq5etTu_s9DhPbbnOmklc3ZB-QYuU/s1600/samsung-bodyfat-measuring-sensors.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlEhyphenhyphenywzKZdfM2thMoMaW_8UNIwuRIOnb_a4HvAx9mrUOkD1RNSi2eHTIuKhDBnaGubhtaRFbLxVLcFS9YF9VZv9nUpO86ssD7sh4cGlgdYMGm-Kwq5etTu_s9DhPbbnOmklc3ZB-QYuU/s400/samsung-bodyfat-measuring-sensors.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Samsung Body fat measuring sensors for smart phones Image :WIPO</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />Another remarkable patent application is from the google </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Googles wearable to zap cancer</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.google.com.br/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCEQFjAAahUKEwibwoO6vuHGAhWSfpIKHdk8DTQ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhitectac.blogspot.com%2F2015%2F03%2Fgoogles-wearable-to-zap-cancer.html&ei=9ZmoVdvzOJL9yQTZ-bSgAw&usg=AFQjCNHCOS7oTnIFLwPEmQRkgKL4wk0KTg&sig2=6PujKh-ZNGD4I9aPtb0sBw&bvm=bv.98197061,d.aWw" target="_blank">Google's plans for a wearable </a>that would zap harmful particles in the body are shaping up. <a href="http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PG01&s1=google.AS.&s2=nanoparticles&OS=AN/google+AND+nanoparticles&RS=AN/google+AND+nanoparticles" target="_blank">In a recently issued patent application</a>, Google provided details on a novel medical that would involve sending tiny magnetic particles into patients' bloodstreams. The magnetic particles, activated by a smart wristband, would attack cancer cells and pathogens linked to other diseases. </span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQZ9zV2GgnyejC9-6gyaLp0fNOThb7rLV9zLu6nWhVXtEJmBrv5-I4bGpnPbb-M1Qtya56zrsqqasJzME_hnzz65Y-LxDomkE0-Ge0-aFzn1ksw0HgxS1z-zx71BlsiiTGX6CJC8mCYK0/s1600/google-wearble-zap+-cancer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQZ9zV2GgnyejC9-6gyaLp0fNOThb7rLV9zLu6nWhVXtEJmBrv5-I4bGpnPbb-M1Qtya56zrsqqasJzME_hnzz65Y-LxDomkE0-Ge0-aFzn1ksw0HgxS1z-zx71BlsiiTGX6CJC8mCYK0/s400/google-wearble-zap+-cancer.jpg" width="395" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Google's plan of new wearable to treat cancer by using magnetic particles. Image :<a href="http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PG01&s1=google.AS.&s2=nanoparticles&OS=AN/google+AND+nanoparticles&RS=AN/go" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.7s ease-in-out; background-color: white; color: #33bcf2; font-family: 'open sans', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; outline: none; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.7s ease-in-out;">appft.uspto.gov</a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">There are plenty of applications and wearable available. This will work with any of the smartphone in a very simple way. <a href="http://www.bikeradar.com/gear/article/how-to-choose-a-heart-rate-monitor-40828/">How to choose wearable</a> and applications is one important task to get accurate information. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">As of now the phone-based health sensors aren’t entirely accurate. But the data accuracy is not very far from reality. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">How the Biosensors will change our life? </span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">What are biosensors? </span></h4>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">“A device that uses a living organism or biological molecules, especially enzymes or antibodies, to detect the presence of chemicals or impulses” </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Any change in the body will results in a chemical or electrical change. Each imbalance in our body can be detected by identifying this level of change. This is the basic principle of Biosensors. (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosensor">Read more about biosensors</a>, <a href="http://www.biosensors.com/intl/">read about biosensor products</a>,) </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Now our main topic of discussion is about wearable biosensors and how they are going to change our life. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Wearable Biosensors Future perspective </span></h3>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj94q_ZlcScoqWikXff_pa7zUZ68Ie3ees6QMsNvclDh6-4ZNeWYCqYJffdBZsX8FFFY78If6Qp5SWlAuS5w_-gPnets1lJpn0uR_vPCrM3fmPZ4GQVy1Ow1jfilezpsWY5vFH5ui6gaNI/s1600/Wearlbe-Biosensors-2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="144" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj94q_ZlcScoqWikXff_pa7zUZ68Ie3ees6QMsNvclDh6-4ZNeWYCqYJffdBZsX8FFFY78If6Qp5SWlAuS5w_-gPnets1lJpn0uR_vPCrM3fmPZ4GQVy1Ow1jfilezpsWY5vFH5ui6gaNI/s640/Wearlbe-Biosensors-2.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Different types of wearable biosensors going to change the health care in the future</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Imagine the day we are equipped with biosensors, which are continuously monitoring our health condition. The abrupt variation in our heart rate or our blood pressure will immediately texted to our physician. Detected the change in glucose level by nano sensors in our blood stream and sending necessary direction to kitchen. Monitoring our voice, retinal contractions, and online communication patterns and predicting our physiological situation. All these are very simple and possible future of our life. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /> New apps aim to quantify your state of mind by a composite of real-time data: tone and inflection of voice, facial expression, breathing pattern, heart rate, galvanic skin response, blood pressure, even the frequency and content of your emails and texts. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Now there are researches at force to develop ingestible biosensors, which will run inside our blood stream. This type of sensors can monitor our blood on real time to generate reports on various conditions and communicate to related application. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><span style="color: #990000;">Suggested Read :</span></b> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 45px;"><a href="https://www.google.com.br/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CB0QFjAAahUKEwj1hu7oi-TGAhXJPogKHZOYAYA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhitectac.blogspot.com%2F2015%2F06%2Fmind-reading-program-translates.html&ei=hfepVbWwCcn9oASTsYaACA&usg=AFQjCNGo11oJkA2-QvgbTcQ2IwUGQEcA-A&sig2=1a71RmNn2fbLuVIZ7srHiw&bvm=bv.98197061,d.cGU" target="_blank">Mind-Reading Program Translates Thoughts Into Text</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Recently I read about a biosensor named <a href="http://gi-logic.com/products/abstats/">Abstar® by Gi-Logics</a> for gastroenterology. Acoustic Gastro-Intestinal Surveillance (AGIS) biosensor monitors human digestion using acoustic signals, filling an unmet need in postoperative care and potentially saving significant time and money for patients and hospitals alike. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">NCBI recently published a report on a pilot research on <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25330747">real time mobile detection of drug use with wearable biosensors</a>. Reliable detection of illicit drug use is paramount to the field of addiction, current methods involving self-report and urine drug screens have substantial limitations that hinder their utility. Wearable biosensors may fill a void by providing valuable objective data regarding the timing and contexts of drug use. A portable biosensor was placed on the inner wrist of each subject, to continuously measure electrodermal activity (EDA), skin temperature, and acceleration. Data were continuously recorded for at least 5 min prior to drug administration, during administration, and for at least 30 min afterward. Overall trends in biophysiometric parameters were assessed. Injection of opioids and cocaine use were associated with rises in EDA. Cocaine injection was also associated with a decrease in skin temperature. Opioid tolerance appeared to be associated with a blunted physiologic response as measured by the biosensor. Laterality may be an important factor, as magnitude of response varied between dominant and nondominant wrists in a single patient with bilateral wrist measurements. Changes in EDA and skin temperature are temporally associated with intravenous administration of opioids and cocaine; the intensity of response, however, may vary depending on history and extent of prior use. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">The <a href="http://www.vitalconnect.com/overview">HealthPatch® </a>family of biosensors is capable of capturing clinical-grade biometric measurements in a continuous, configurable and non-obtrusive manner using a small yet powerful patch worn on the chest. The HealthPatch biosensors have a unique set of features that enable an array of possibilities for their use like Single-Lead ECG, Heart Rate, Heart Rate Variability, Respiratory Rate, Skin Temperature, Body Posture including Fall Detection/Severity, Steps. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Another biosensor called <a href="http://www.proteus.com/how-it-works/">Helius® by Proteus</a> is an ingestible biosensor which can be swallowed. The sensor get activated by stomach acid. Then it starts transmit signal wirelessly back to the smartphones. It monitors several factors like body posture, temperature, respiration, sleeping patterns and heart rate. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.nanobiosym.com/index.php/search-results/?search_paths%5B%5D=&query=gene-radar&submit=&ccm_paging_p=2">Nanobiosym</a>™ (NBS) is an innovative technology, engineering and biomedicine company who has introduced <a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/nicolefisher/2014/10/09/little-things-do-make-a-big-difference-globalizing-personal-health/">Gene-RADAR®,</a> a tablet sized device that may revolutionize disease diagnosis. Through your genetic fingerprint, via a drop of blood or saliva, Gene-RADAR is able to diagnose various diseases and conditions. A real-time diagnosis at a price point, makers claim are 10 to 100 times cheaper than conventional tests. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-cKNYN7uwXlmplOKTcIyG0yV6pjFH4lWeAQFK8-0pVGeGRVLTDA68Rjvm-nFBG2Fx3s9ikp2XL-K1XS-a4FlGsNUcctMcZpdtMHjoX8ypRmdE0qyMH2kvW-J5PAedAq2N4NWBW-3AXhI/s1600/Gene_Radar-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="425" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-cKNYN7uwXlmplOKTcIyG0yV6pjFH4lWeAQFK8-0pVGeGRVLTDA68Rjvm-nFBG2Fx3s9ikp2XL-K1XS-a4FlGsNUcctMcZpdtMHjoX8ypRmdE0qyMH2kvW-J5PAedAq2N4NWBW-3AXhI/s640/Gene_Radar-1.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Gene-RADAR -A tablet size equipment which can diagnosis many medical conditions fro a drop of blood or saliva </span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">JoyWing recently launched a gadget named <a href="http://www.joywing.cc/collections/all">Wishbone</a>, its contact-free thermometer. Named for its “Y” shape, the smart device plugs into smartphone jacks and contains an infrared sensor that takes temperature readings in under two seconds from skin that’s less than five centimeters away.</span> <br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdNRoa2P8ox0pkFwm5wAkcVlGEo067OtNNrjZD8faLg8utIYer6zITr8jCShEyP2bw-NiqPeyixclq84fFy4mmGEX535G_jNgBoJyzXR9PqPSrPQLAwU52NyXPsk3_N0Mwh8tdwcbRb_E/s1600/Wish-bone-2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdNRoa2P8ox0pkFwm5wAkcVlGEo067OtNNrjZD8faLg8utIYer6zITr8jCShEyP2bw-NiqPeyixclq84fFy4mmGEX535G_jNgBoJyzXR9PqPSrPQLAwU52NyXPsk3_N0Mwh8tdwcbRb_E/s400/Wish-bone-2.png" width="252" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">WishBone is a 'Y'Shapped gadget which can connect to any smartphone to read temperature data . Image @Wishbone</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">The accompanying iPhone or Android app collects the data and can assign it to different profiles. This makes it easy to track your temperature, which is useful for sick children or women trying to conceive. According to JoyWing, the thermometer’s sensors work between 32 and 212 degrees Fahrenheit with an accuracy to plus or minus 0.36 degrees for body temperatures.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZb0RYXiJwpxKo1VCFkXF8lXHc1RLPczNqnG7h20rRdlJbsHTwEncCV1QxECuNU_Mg8VUWXYt8EttOy6CfPiQXQUAI0_j3fu_m5rnD9QDCm2QFeKZGbdO7vtap5AuaFjO_D-VisZVWkxY/s1600/Wish-bone-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZb0RYXiJwpxKo1VCFkXF8lXHc1RLPczNqnG7h20rRdlJbsHTwEncCV1QxECuNU_Mg8VUWXYt8EttOy6CfPiQXQUAI0_j3fu_m5rnD9QDCm2QFeKZGbdO7vtap5AuaFjO_D-VisZVWkxY/s640/Wish-bone-1.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Infrared sensors of WishBone enables it to capture 'touch free' measurement of temperature. Image @WishBone</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">The </span><a href="http://www.hexoskin.com/" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">Hexoskin</a><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"> Arctic biometric smart shirt is more or less a wearable precision lab, where it will offer its users with lab-quality metrics when performance truly matters. There will be a tiny Bluetooth device that will be connected to the fabric sensors, where it is placed in the shirt’s built-in side pocket during activity and sleep. The shirt will be extremely light, warm, comfortable, and users will be well equipped with measurements that they simply are unable to receive from regular fitness trackers.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKzVz5c9NfNM_KSo25nhrEQ4nm02yvnPJepK_ut2I78cqOpG7QaJHGdrzHG4rYcEUHDkqne5_Bt1Z00ClR_fVmTF8BcGng0-JaPuMXhCGGRNV4YRWmIvcNMKgicq6MFVJlwjKwcyQ4i6Q/s1600/Hexoskin-features.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="222" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKzVz5c9NfNM_KSo25nhrEQ4nm02yvnPJepK_ut2I78cqOpG7QaJHGdrzHG4rYcEUHDkqne5_Bt1Z00ClR_fVmTF8BcGng0-JaPuMXhCGGRNV4YRWmIvcNMKgicq6MFVJlwjKwcyQ4i6Q/s320/Hexoskin-features.JPG" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hexoskin is equipped with different sensors which can accurately measure our health conditions : Image @Hexoskin</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.mayoclinic.org/about-mayo-clinic">Mayo Clinic</a> and <a href="http://gentag.com/company/">Gentag, Inc</a>. has signed a joint intellectual property (IP) agreement to develop the next generation of wearable biosensors designed to fight obesity and diabetes. Together, both parties plan to create a wireless, disposable wearable patch sensor about the size of a small bandage that communicates via a closed-loop diabetes management platform integrated with your smart phone. The integrated system will allow researchers to monitor movement and develop treatments for diabetes, obesity and related conditions. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><span style="color: #990000;">Suggested Read :</span></b> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 45px;"><a href="https://www.google.com.br/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCoQFjACahUKEwjDqt3UjOTGAhWKLogKHdmgBoA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhitectac.blogspot.com%2F2015%2F05%2Fbionic-lens-promises-superhuman-sight.html&ei=Z_ipVYPbFordoATZwZqACA&usg=AFQjCNEZF1hlEWaVA4YM_McmUqSFOsKxJA&sig2=gN_M-2t0lkUV3bVwSosXag&bvm=bv.98197061,d.cGU" target="_blank">Bionic lens promises SUPERHUMAN sight three times better</a> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /><a href="http://singularityhub.com/2013/11/16/southern-california-startup-tribogenics-develops-smart-phone-sized-portable-x-ray-machines/">Tribogenics</a>, Develops Smart Phone Sized Portable X-ray Machines which can be a gadget to capture X-ray of our body at home and process and share with your health care taker.</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYquWPxGlRh1TZ0ydnqE7FBSrNhs1Q2-oEUVCRRUg9QuxGWWvhP-IyiKH3kJJhclKiVLb-1DnC25C2FQQRl8t0Lw5VwEeZBQEtonTAYtlStjUWQeZGNjivJg2F4QWHdzvL1pqEmeiAnAg/s1600/Tribogenics_Pocket_X_Ray.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="425" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYquWPxGlRh1TZ0ydnqE7FBSrNhs1Q2-oEUVCRRUg9QuxGWWvhP-IyiKH3kJJhclKiVLb-1DnC25C2FQQRl8t0Lw5VwEeZBQEtonTAYtlStjUWQeZGNjivJg2F4QWHdzvL1pqEmeiAnAg/s640/Tribogenics_Pocket_X_Ray.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tribogenics chief scientist, Carlos Camara, and the firm's miniature X-ray source. This device one day enable us to capture X-ray using our smartphones : Image @Tribogenics</span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Similar kinds of miniature medical imaging devices are under development and some are in experimental use. These miniature devices help you to generate medical report at your home and share with your health care unit at the flip of your finger tip. <br /><br />Now wearable gadgets which read and process our brain waves are getting popular. <a href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/pogue-6-electronic-devices-you-can-control-with-your-thoughts/">Mind controlled</a> gadgets will allow us to send command and instructions to various terminals. They can convert our thoughts in to text or we can chat with our desired person just by thinking. The same device can act to monitor our behaviors and brain action to detect and warn us about the variation. <br /><br /> Suggested readings >><a href="http://neurogadget.com/">neurogadget</a> </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Virtual Humans and Human Behaviors </span></h3>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><span style="font-size: large;">Virtual humans (VHs) that can develop intimacy with people are now becoming reality. Researchers have successfully incorporated social skills (e.g., active listening, mimicry, gestures) into VH systems <br /><br />Users’ experiences can be better standardized with VHs than with human beings. VHs can also provide a ‘‘safe’’ environment, which could encourage learning or honest disclosure of important information. <br /><br />The healthcare field, in particular, may benefit from this latter potential advantage of VHs: honest disclosure. Failure to provide fully honest responses in medical interviews can result in serious consequences for patient health. Therefore, much research has considered how to gain more detailed and honest medical histories, especially sensitive information, from patients. <br /><br />We argue that VHs could be used to reduce these psychological barriers to honest responding (i.e., fear of self-disclosure, impression management). Additionally, VH-interviewers could lead patients to behave more openly in a clinical interview context. <br /><br />In an <a href="http://www.psmag.com/books-and-culture/id-never-admit-doctor-computer-sure-84001">article</a> about Virtual Human doctor they mentioned the difference in people behavior with VHs. The results showed that people disclosed information more honestly and openly when they were told they were speaking exclusively to the computer. The participants also "reported significantly lower fear of self-disclosure" under those circumstances. </span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYDcVANtFWZS7YLrW8Hhn6jQ5x6jXtxeLCN1PYYcbdjnpWQrWKj43_VIY2lIx75z6KySLbVJ_L7pHQAgx8ECsUvyLWQOLc2m78RJR6W79FiVnAWlhQdpGQvgaBbehee0ahOCfWtoNR2PY/s1600/Virual+Human-1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYDcVANtFWZS7YLrW8Hhn6jQ5x6jXtxeLCN1PYYcbdjnpWQrWKj43_VIY2lIx75z6KySLbVJ_L7pHQAgx8ECsUvyLWQOLc2m78RJR6W79FiVnAWlhQdpGQvgaBbehee0ahOCfWtoNR2PY/s640/Virual+Human-1.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small; text-align: start;">Interview with virtual human interviewer. In this study, all participants interacted with a virtual human during a semi-structured interview. Interviewees were told, by random assignment, either that the virtual human interviewer was teleo-operated by a human (like a puppet) or that it was fully-automated. @ science direct </span><a a="" computer="" disclose.pdf="" href="http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/It" humans="" increase="" only="" s="" style="font-size: medium; text-align: start;" to="" virtual="" willingness="">computers in human behavior</a></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Conclusion </span></h3>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br />I know what I mentioned here is only the tip of an ice berg. This part of the research is growing rapidly and gaining more popularity. The world is very near, where the expensive medical devices are going out of hospitals. The world is getting smaller and smarter. The micro medical devices, nano biosensors, wearable sensors are going to rule the world. <br /><br />The virtual doctors and health care applications are going to revolutionize the health care industry. Interestingly, all medical manufacturing companies are doing researches on developing miniature and portable devices. In future we will have a health care kit, which with all sensors, wearable, miniature medical devices and applications. Everyone’s home will be a multispecialty hospital with all sophisticated equipment. <br /><br />Doctors will get very accurate report from health care applications. The quality and accuracy of diagnosis will be high. As we discussed, many of the time the information provided are incomplete. Like, we can mention our daily workout time is one hour. But with the help of wearable, doctor will get very accurate information. The biosensor inside our stomach will monitor our diet, the calorie value of it, acid level, micro biome and what not to mention. This information will help doctors to have an accurate diagnosis. <br /><br />Present day our diagnostic results reflect about the status at the time of sampling only. With biosensors we will have a continuous real time information data base. In future biosensors may be cheap but storing those data will be costlier due to its huge volume. That may be a challenge in the future but can be sorted out by new storage techniques. </span><br />
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1. <a href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6947/12/67" target="_blank">A systamatic review of healthcare application for smartphones</a></div>
<div>
2. <a href="http://mashable.com/2014/12/02/health-fitness-wearables/" target="_blank">More about wearable</a></div>
<div>
3.<a href="http://www.informationweek.com/mobile/10-wearable-health-tech-devices-to-watch/d/d-id/1107148?page_number=1" target="_blank">Wearable health care gadgets</a><br />
4. <a href="https://www.google.com.br/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CB0QFjAAahUKEwifzJT7j-TGAhXPPogKHevbA9U&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhitectac.blogspot.com%2F2015%2F05%2Fapple-homekit-to-control-your-home.html&ei=3fupVd_pEM_9oATrt4-oDQ&usg=AFQjCNFkyZpZuC-TsbfHlG-XQEp0Hagx0g&sig2=JXQOQ707SfE339VSyYvwrA&bvm=bv.98197061,d.aWw" target="_blank">Apples home kit to control your home</a></div>
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prejihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07628985740706143447noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1421721248378291188.post-63185306265189569742015-07-11T08:52:00.001+05:302015-07-11T08:52:37.693+05:30The Amazing Brain :Know Your Brain<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
<h3>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1421721248378291188" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1421721248378291188" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1421721248378291188" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1421721248378291188" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1421721248378291188" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1421721248378291188" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span style="font-size: large;">What is a ‘thought’?</span></h3>
<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b><i><span style="background: white; color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">A‘Thought’ an idea or opinion produced by
thinking or occurring suddenly in the mind.</span><o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
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Where these thoughts are coming
from? <o:p></o:p></div>
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Why are we thinking? <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Is it possible to pause thinking
while living? <o:p></o:p></div>
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The subject was always surprised me
from the very begin of my life. Oh, I mean one the day when I started realizing
about my thoughts.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Welcome to new series …..<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
The Amazing Brain</span></h2>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMtlMkObcv7y0Kx4NtjXdFk3P2EUtaaFBapTBMIAwtNKn2jdzyhahSbt5YEj_Ba4YehCX-hwvIigvXMfXyw0dwWnyBHx0aO4yXtKrMcZI8R2o-K_ijCEIShUva1-BZKpUDgpU32bGN80U/s1600/Amzing+Brain+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="425" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMtlMkObcv7y0Kx4NtjXdFk3P2EUtaaFBapTBMIAwtNKn2jdzyhahSbt5YEj_Ba4YehCX-hwvIigvXMfXyw0dwWnyBHx0aO4yXtKrMcZI8R2o-K_ijCEIShUva1-BZKpUDgpU32bGN80U/s640/Amzing+Brain+2.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Amazing Brain </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Talking about brain is always a complicated subject. The more and more we started learning about it, it become more and more complicated.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
In this series we would rather try to explain about it in more simpler way. Like a story, so that everyone can enjoy and understand and start thinking about thoughts. </div>
<div>
But your participation, suggestions and feedback is very very essential for us to improve the quality of our contents. Please enjoy reading.</div>
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<br /></div>
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Do You Know ?</span></h2>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><i>Our brain is faster than the fastest super computer in the world.</i></span><o:p></o:p></b><br />
<b><br /></b></div>
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It is quite faster than what we think. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Scientists believe we all carry <b>80</b> to <b>100</b> billion nerve cells or about as many as stars in the milky way.
<o:p></o:p><br />
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1421721248378291188" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1421721248378291188" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1421721248378291188" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1421721248378291188" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1421721248378291188" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1421721248378291188" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">Number of nerve cells in our brain = Number of stars in the milky way</span><span style="color: #0b5394; font-size: large;"> </span></b></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA3JLComavTU-a4T1h2UFqSea32HYWxa_W3Sbp15Pn_zq-ZbkNu083fLQFIFko7sSh0Qm4aUHiXsIBs5lmilr9XmS6pMLrUTBlSZHobwJ_sO5FOO_AAYw2kaVRI1Trp32mfdaP9MQOM6Q/s1600/Amzing+Brain+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA3JLComavTU-a4T1h2UFqSea32HYWxa_W3Sbp15Pn_zq-ZbkNu083fLQFIFko7sSh0Qm4aUHiXsIBs5lmilr9XmS6pMLrUTBlSZHobwJ_sO5FOO_AAYw2kaVRI1Trp32mfdaP9MQOM6Q/s640/Amzing+Brain+3.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: left;">Illustration of Nerve cells In Brain</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1421721248378291188" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1421721248378291188" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1421721248378291188" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1421721248378291188" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1421721248378291188" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1421721248378291188" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>
Human Brain Vs Super Computer<o:p></o:p></h2>
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<br /></div>
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In a recent brain stimulation
experiment, the super computer took more than <b>82,000</b> processors and <b>40</b>
minutes to stimulate <b>1 sec. activities of
brain</b>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
How much data our brain process in a second?<o:p></o:p></h2>
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We have about 100 billion nerve
cells. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Each nerve cell is connected to a
minimum of 1000 other nerve cells. <o:p></o:p></div>
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One neuron fires an average of
200 times in each second. The simple calculation is <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
100 Billion Neurons X
200 Fires per second X 1000 connection each =<b>20,000,000,000,000,000</b> bits
of info transmitted per second.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<h4>
<span style="color: #e06666; font-size: large;"><b><u>20 million billion</u></b> bits
of information move around your brain </span><b><span style="color: #e06666; font-size: large;">every second. </span><o:p></o:p></b></h4>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
That a very quick introduction to brain. We will explain each of it more scientifically in later additions. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Now we will take you to some very interesting discussions.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Do you ever compare your child with your neighbor's or your friend's child.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
And you might have noticed a lot of difference in their abilities.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
This is very interesting topic , keep reading , how the brain develops?</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiH2YjTV-LnoivSgXzgm-nbXbVOxYzEob3LbfW1Hr5wPDK2eJVS1ECmNlk8Nt7DcwUlRFZGEsiS0k-uh5nimIQKHz3PoL0efSM9ccL7VUix7U2kIRQK3vk0YSsS8fpjTwJla6beicia_rk/s1600/Amzing+Brain+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="221" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiH2YjTV-LnoivSgXzgm-nbXbVOxYzEob3LbfW1Hr5wPDK2eJVS1ECmNlk8Nt7DcwUlRFZGEsiS0k-uh5nimIQKHz3PoL0efSM9ccL7VUix7U2kIRQK3vk0YSsS8fpjTwJla6beicia_rk/s400/Amzing+Brain+1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<h2>
The Development of Brain<o:p></o:p></h2>
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<ul>
<li>Our brain begins to mature even before birth. It continues to mature
throughout most of life.</li>
<li> The brain does not mature at the same rate in each
individual. </li>
<li>It is important for parents and teachers to understand that the
maturation of brain influences learning readiness. </li>
<li>Instructions above or below the maturity level of a
child’s brain is not only inappropriate, it can also lead to behavioral
problems. Inappropriate behaviors like avoidance, challenging authority, and
aggression towards others can be explained by a failure to match instruction to
the brain maturity level.</li>
<li>The normal development of brain varies widely within the same age and the
same grade. So there is no point of comparison of brain power in children. </li>
<li>Take
an example of class room with children’s of same age and grade. The age for
entrance into a particular grade is not necessarily linked to brain maturity
for all children.</li>
<li>Healthy brain likes to learn, and children learns best when they exposed
to variety of ideas, experiences, skills and materials. </li>
<li>In the early years,
children like to explore and learn using several sense or multiple skills at
the same time. </li>
<li>Activities that pair both motor and auditory skill can encourage
the development of both pathways.</li>
<li>A child who has difficulty with writing and other fine motor skills
benefits from lacing cards, mazes and tracing. </li>
<li>These activities actually help
students develop the visual-motor areas of their brains. </li>
<li>When a child
talks through a difficult visual problem, it can help him/her learn. In other
cases, a child whose language skills are delayed may benefit from tasks that
don't require language</li>
</ul>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgc_V7jnjNYfbJDS7eJDZEvnqgSjIRw5Ns8EUy8DPFZ1KYrCl9_Pvz6zxe2Uv2jjxCj4N7J7XXONacP7ifs-kVW_fx8u2SqZLQsHwipuWsTcRFjZ5aXrUMapWjWeJ9nIa-2J_dXL4GGMw0/s1600/Amzing+Brain+7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="201" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgc_V7jnjNYfbJDS7eJDZEvnqgSjIRw5Ns8EUy8DPFZ1KYrCl9_Pvz6zxe2Uv2jjxCj4N7J7XXONacP7ifs-kVW_fx8u2SqZLQsHwipuWsTcRFjZ5aXrUMapWjWeJ9nIa-2J_dXL4GGMw0/s320/Amzing+Brain+7.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Brain Activity development </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
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<b>Be aware that brain systems do
not all develop at the same time or at the same rate.</b><br />
<b>A child may show advanced
development in one area and be delayed in another</b>.<br />
For example, a child may read early but be physically
clumsy. Brain development also does not occur in a straight line.<br />
Some
skills may develop earlier than other skills.<br />
<br />
<b>Also, precocious ability does not
necessarily last.</b> It is possible for a child to be accelerated in reading or
verbal skills in kindergarten but show average ability by third or fourth grade.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<b>Don't assume that a child has a disability just because his/her learning
is delayed</b>. Be aware that the development of cognitive and other skills is
often uneven. <o:p></o:p><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Don't assume that delays a child is showing today will get better over
time.</b> If a child does not improve his/her progress, it is important to
gather more information and then refer the child for further evaluation if
indicated.<o:p></o:p><br />
<br /></div>
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<b>Don't adopt a one-size-fits-all approach.</b> It is required to have
different skills and activities for different students within a grade. Some of
this variability works because of the different life experiences of children
and some works because of differences in brain maturity. But, for either reason,
variety is a good thing. <o:p></o:p><br />
<br /></div>
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<b>Don't place children in groups based solely on age.</b> For some
children, learning to read is a struggle. Many are not ready to learn to read
until they are seven years old, while others are ready at age four. (This may
be particularly true for boys.) Social maturity does not correlate with other
learning skills. Both social and learning characteristics need to be addressed
separately to determine appropriate placement. <o:p></o:p><br />
<br /></div>
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<b>Don't judge ability based on physical appearance.</b> It's very important
not to judge children based on their physical appearance. Children who are
taller and/or more physically mature may not be cognitively advanced. And
children with cerebral palsy often have average to above average ability
despite significant problems with motor and speech production.<o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: left;">The Nerve cell In Details</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
<span style="font-size: large;">Concluding Remarks</span></h3>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdjB75ypQNf7F69J79KyfSUfhNC81nItFq1jTF0x7wzYAM5G08QfiKlAo8p1gyiIoE-g_JCeC7wqlBYS0aqs7XK7DSNGC9wIE2jUnGvWQkkOKEBrZROtZ_qJ3nLmHyKAPrW6pArYSf7-c/s1600/Amzing+Brain+5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="264" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdjB75ypQNf7F69J79KyfSUfhNC81nItFq1jTF0x7wzYAM5G08QfiKlAo8p1gyiIoE-g_JCeC7wqlBYS0aqs7XK7DSNGC9wIE2jUnGvWQkkOKEBrZROtZ_qJ3nLmHyKAPrW6pArYSf7-c/s320/Amzing+Brain+5.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Baby Genies</td></tr>
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<div>
Now we are concluding our first part of 'The Amazing Brain'. Hope it helps to trigger some thoughts in your brain. Please do share your thoughts with us.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
We are concluding with 2 Myth Busters<o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3>
<b>Myth 1: You can train certain
parts of the brain to improve their functioning.</b></h3>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Fact</b>: This has been an attractive and sometimes lucrative idea for
many entrepreneurs.<br />
<b>However, it is not possible to target a specific brain
region and teach just to that part of the brain</b>.<br />
The brain is highly connected.
Neurons in the brain learn remember and forget, but they do not do so in
isolation.<br />
Skills need to be broken down into their component parts and these
parts can be taught.<br />
However, we do not totally understand how this learning
takes place nor do we know exactly "where" in the brain that learning
is stored.<br />
Evidence from victims of stroke and head injury show that injury to
the brain of one individual may not result in the same loss in the brain of
another person.<br />
<b style="background-color: white;"> Brains are like fingerprints — although there are
commonalities, there are differences that make each brain unique.</b><o:p></o:p><br />
<b style="background-color: orange;"><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<h4>
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Myth 2: You are born with
certain abilities and these do not change over time.</span></b></h4>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Fact:</b> At one time, people believed that the brain developed into its
full form by the age of three, and that what developed afterwards was just a
matter of refinement.<br />
In fact, we now know that the brain is plastic — <b>it
changes with experience and development. </b><br />
<br />
Evidence shows that rather than ending
development at the age of 5, or even 12, brain development continues into one's
twenties.<br />
For some adolescents, the maturation of the frontal lobes may not end
until age 25. For others, frontal-lobe maturity may be reached by the age of 18
or 19.<br />
For this reason, some adolescents may require additional time before
they are ready for college, while others are ready at an earlier age.<o:p></o:p><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="background-color: white;">Hope you all enjoyed reading this. </b><br />
<b style="background-color: white;">Please do
share your suggestions and thoughts and help us to improve. </b><br />
<b style="background-color: white;">Please subscribe
our newsletter to get the updates at your inbox.</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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prejihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07628985740706143447noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1421721248378291188.post-78157630978570927572015-07-09T08:40:00.001+05:302015-07-09T13:40:19.819+05:30New cases of Ebola emerge in Liberia<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div dir="ltr">
Ebola is back in Liberia more than a month after the country thought it was rid of the virus.<br />
<img src="https://www.sciencenews.org/sites/default/files/main/blogposts/ebola_free.jpg" /></div>
<div dir="ltr">
A 17-year-old man died on June 29 of a fever illness that was being treated as malaria. As part of Liberia’s Ebola surveillance, swabs from the young man were collected by a <a href="http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/ebola/safe-burial-protocol/en/">safe burial team</a>. Tests revealed that the young man died of Ebola, the World Health Organization (WHO)<a href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/ebola/03-july-2015-liberia/en/">announced</a> July 3.</div>
<div dir="ltr">
Two of the nearly 200 people who came in contact with the young man have also developed Ebola symptoms and have been found to carry the virus. Other contacts are being monitored.</div>
<div dir="ltr">
Liberia was <a href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2015/liberia-ends-ebola/en/">declared</a> Ebola-free on May 9 after 42 days without a new case. It is not known how the young man became infected.</div>
<div dir="ltr">
To date 27,573 people have <a href="http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.ebola-sitrep.ebola-summary?lang=en">contracted Ebola</a>and 11,246 have died. Most of the cases have occurred in Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea.</div>
<div dir="ltr">
A <a href="http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/ebola/report-by-panel.pdf?ua=1">report</a> issued July 7 by a panel that analyzed the global response to the <a href="https://www.sciencenews.org/editors-picks/ebola">Ebola outbreak</a> says the <a href="http://www.who.int/en/">WHO</a> and its member states were ill-equipped to handle the epidemic and must make changes to safeguard public health.</div>
</div>
prejihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07628985740706143447noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1421721248378291188.post-50816848087086264392015-07-09T08:37:00.001+05:302015-07-09T08:37:22.554+05:30Nexus 5 2015 Release Date Details<p dir="ltr"><b>Google Flagship Won’t Take After LG G4; LG Working On Unique Design</b></p>
<p dir="ltr"><img src="http://cdn.idigitaltimes.com/sites/idigitaltimes.com/files/styles/large/public/2015/06/29/nexus-6.jpg?itok=DO98rH-F"></p>
<p dir="ltr">Among the murmurs of information about Google’s upcoming Nexus smartphone(s) includes rumors that manufacturers such as LG and Huawei will build hardware for the tech giant in 2015. Prior reports have suggested that Huawei has confirmed its collaboration with Google. Now, a second report suggests LG has done the same.</p>
<p dir="ltr">A source recently told tech blog AndroidPit that LG will be manufacturing the device many are currently calling the Nexus 5 2015. Rumors have circulated about a device codenamed “Bullethead,” which is likely the device in question. With LG possibly on board to build the Nexus 5 2015, many have predicted its design would be similar to that of LG’s current flagship, the LG G4. However, the source says the device is “still in development” and will likely feature a unique design. Prior reports have suggested the Nexus 5 2015 would feature a carbon fiber exterior. This design would be much different from the LG G4, which comes in leather, ceramic and metallic design options.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Several Google devices have been designed based on the current flagship of their manufacturer. The Nexus 6 was built by Motorola and features a design based on that of the Motorola Moto X. The Nexus 5 was built by LG and features a design based on that of the LG G2. But with the smartphone market being extremely saturated with several devices from the same makers that look very similar, a change of pace for the Nexus 5 2015 is sure to be a good thing.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Possible hardware for the Nexus 5 2015 includes either a Full HD or Quad HD resolution display of at least 5-inches, a Qualcomm Snapdragon 810 or Snapdragon 808 chip, 3GB of RAM and 32GB, 64GB or 128 GB internal storage options, as well as a fingerprint scanner and a USB Type C port . The official name of “Bullethead” is also not confirmed, so many continue to refer to the device as Nexus 5 2015.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Prior reports have suggested that the Nexus 5 2015 may launch during the third quarter of 2015, which would put its release date somewhere in August at the latest. However, Google is known for launching new hardware later in the year, between October and November.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Google announced its upcoming operating system, which is currently referred to as Android M in late May. The software is set to run on the upcoming Nexus device(s) and is currently available as a developer preview.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Huawei’s possible Nexus device is codenamed “Angler” and is expected to be a phablet smaller than the Nexus 6.<br></p>
prejihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07628985740706143447noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1421721248378291188.post-10346403287479113752015-06-23T23:19:00.001+05:302015-07-08T16:55:46.440+05:30Facebook can recognise you in photos even if you're not looking<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div dir="ltr">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr">
<img src="http://www.newscientist.com/data/images/ns/cms/dn27761/dn27761-1_1200.jpg" /><a href="http://www.newscientist.com/data/images/ns/cms/dn27761/dn27761-1_1200.jpg"></a><i>(Image: Siri Stafford/Getty)</i></div>
<div dir="ltr">
Thanks to the latest advances in computer vision, we now have machines that can <a href="http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22429932.300-computers-are-learning-to-see-the-world-like-we-do.html">pick you out of a line-up</a>. But what if your face is hidden from view?</div>
<div dir="ltr">
An experimental algorithm out of Facebook's artificial intelligence lab can recognise people in photographs even when it can't see their faces. Instead it looks for other unique characteristics like your hairdo, clothing, body shape and pose.</div>
<div dir="ltr">
Modern face-recognition algorithms are so good they've already found their way into social networks, shops and even churches. Yann LeCun, head of artificial intelligence at Facebook, wanted to see they could be adapted to recognise people in situations where someone's face isn't clear, something humans can already do quite well.</div>
<div dir="ltr">
"There are a lot of cues we use. People have characteristic aspects, even if you look at them from the back," LeCun says. "For example, you can recognise Mark Zuckerberg very easily, because he always wears a gray T-shirt."</div>
<div dir="ltr">
The research team pulled almost 40,000 public photos from Flickr - some of people with their full face clearly visible, and others where they were turned away - and ran them through a sophisticated neural network.</div>
<div dir="ltr">
The final algorithm was able to recognise individual people's identities with 83 per cent accuracy. It was presented earlier this month at the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition conference in Boston, Massachusetts.</div>
<div dir="ltr">
An algorithm like this could one day help power photo apps like <a href="http://newsroom.fb.com/news/2015/06/introducing-moments/">Facebook's Moments</a>, released last week.</div>
<div dir="ltr">
Moments scours through a phone's photos, sorting them into separate events like a friend's wedding or a trip to the beach and tagging whoever it recognises as a Facebook friend. LeCun also imagines such a tool would be useful for the privacy-conscious - alerting someone whenever a photo of themselves, however obscured, pops up on the internet.</div>
<div dir="ltr">
The flipside is also true: the ability to identify someone even when they are not looking at the camera raises some serious privacy implications. Last week, talks over rules governing facial recognition collapsed <a href="http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn27754-face-recognition-row-over-right-to-identify-you-in-the-street.html">after privacy advocates and industry groups could not agree.</a></div>
<div dir="ltr">
"If, even when you hide your face, you can be successfully linked to your identify, that will certainly concern people," says Ralph Gross at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, who says the algorithm is impressive. "Now is a time when it's important to discuss these questions."</div>
</div>
prejihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07628985740706143447noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1421721248378291188.post-52346870834538030192015-06-23T11:47:00.001+05:302015-06-23T11:47:02.890+05:30One gene may drive leap from single cell to multicellular life<p dir="ltr"></p>
<p dir="ltr"><img src="http://www.newscientist.com/data/images/ns/cms/dn27762/dn27762-1_1200.jpg"><i>All together now: yeasts can evolve to form snowflake-like multicellular shapes </i>(Image: Courtesy of Jennifer Pentz, Georgia Tech)</p>
<p dir="ltr">The leap from single-celled life to multicellular creatures is easier than we ever thought. And it seems there's more than one way it can happen.</p>
<p dir="ltr">The mutation of a single gene is enough to transform single-celled brewer's yeast into a "snowflake" that evolves as a multicellular organism.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Similarly, single-celled algae quickly evolve into spherical multicellular organisms when faced with predators that eat single cells.</p>
<p dir="ltr">These findings back the emerging idea that this leap in complexity isn't the giant evolutionary hurdle it was thought to be.</p>
<p dir="ltr">At some point after life first emerged, some cells came together to form the first multicellular organism. This happened perhaps <a href="http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20727674.100-fossilised-cell-blobs-could-be-oldest-multicellular-life.html">as early as 2.1 billion years ago</a>. Others followed – multicellularity is thought to have evolved independently at least 20 times – eventually giving rise to complex life, such as humans.</p>
<p dir="ltr">But no organism is known to have made that transition in the past 200 million years, so how and why it happened is hard to study.</p>
<p dir="ltr"><b>Special snowflake</b></p>
<p dir="ltr">Back in 2011, evolutionary biologists William Ratcliff and Michael Travisano at the University of Minnesota in St Paul coaxed unicellular yeast<a href="http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21028184.300-lab-yeast-make-evolutionary-leap-to-multicellularity.html"> to take on a multicellular "snowflake" form</a> by taking the fastest-settling yeast out of a culture and using it to found new cultures. And then repeating the process. Because clumps of yeast settle faster than individual cells, this effectively selected yeast that stuck together instead of separating after cell division.</p>
<p dir="ltr">The team's latest work shows that this transformation from a single to multicellular existence can be driven by a single gene called<i>ACE2</i> that controls separation of daughter cells after division, Ratcliff <a href="http://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/abscicon2015/">told the 15-19 June Astrobiology Science Conference</a> in Chicago.</p>
<p dir="ltr">And because the snowflake grows in a branching, tree-like pattern, any later mutations are confined to single branches. When the original snowflake gets too large and breaks up, these mutant branches fend for themselves, allowing the value of their new mutation to be tested in the evolutionary arena.</p>
<p dir="ltr">"A single mutation creates groups that as a side effect are capable of Darwinian evolution at the multicellular level," says <a href="http://www.ratclifflab.biology.gatech.edu/]">Ratcliff</a>, who is now at Georgia Tech University in Atlanta.</p>
<p dir="ltr"><b>Bigger is better</b></p>
<p dir="ltr">Ratcliff's team has previously also evolved multicellularity in <a href="http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn24535-alga-takes-first-evolutionary-leap-to-multicellularity.html">single-celled algae called</a><i><a href="http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn24535-alga-takes-first-evolutionary-leap-to-multicellularity.html">Chlamydomonas</a></i><img src="http://www.newscientist.com/img/icon/artx_video.gif">, through similar selection for rapid settling. The algal cells clumped together in amorphous blobs.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Now the feat has been repeated, but with predators thrown into the mix. A team led by<a href="http://rosenzweig.dbs.umt.edu/people/matthew-herron/">Matt Herron</a> of the University of Montana in Missoula exposed <i>Chlamydomonas</i> to a paramecium, a single-celled protozoan that can devour single-celled algae but not multicellular ones.</p>
<p dir="ltr"><img src="http://www.newscientist.com/data/images/ns/cms/dn27762/dn27762-2_1200.jpg"><i>Safety in even numbers </i>(Image: Jacob Boswell)</p>
<p dir="ltr">Sure enough, two of Herron's five experimental lines became multicellular within six months, or about 600 generations, he told the conference.</p>
<p dir="ltr">This time, instead of daughter cells sticking together in an amorphous blob as they did under selection for settling, the algae formed predation-resistant, spherical units of four, eight or 16 cells that look almost identical to related species of algae that are naturally multicellular.</p>
<p dir="ltr">"It's likely that what we've seen in the predation experiments recapitulates some of the early steps of evolution," says Herron.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Neither Ratcliff's yeast nor Herron's algae has unequivocally crossed the critical threshold to multicellularity, which would require cells to divide labour between them, says <a href="http://eeb.arizona.edu/people/dr-richard-michod">Richard Michod</a> of the University of Arizona in Tucson.</p>
<p dir="ltr">But the experiments are an important step along that road. "They're opening up new avenues for approaching this question," he says.</p>
prejihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07628985740706143447noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1421721248378291188.post-63560456130124390832015-06-23T08:49:00.001+05:302015-06-23T08:49:10.530+05:30Device That Helps Blind People See With Their Tongues Just Won FDA Approval<p dir="ltr"></p>
<p dir="ltr">Will more sensory substitution devices hit the market soon?</p>
<p dir="ltr"><img src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/small_1x_/public/lindsey_jpeg.jpg?itok=23kEBqw1"></p>
<p dir="ltr">The BrainPort V100</p>
<p dir="ltr">Courtesy Wicab, Inc.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Last week, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) <a href="http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm451779.htm">announced</a> that medical device company Wicab is allowed to market a new device that will help the blind “see.” The device, called the<a href="http://www.wicab.com/en_us/v100.html">BrainPort V100</a>, can help the blind navigate by processing visual information and communicating it to the user through electrodes on his tongue. Though this <a href="http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/MedicalDevices/MedicalDevicesAdvisoryCommittee/EarNoseandThroatDevicesPanel/UCM445492.pdf">isn’t the first device</a> to go on the market using sensory substitution (where information perceived by one sense is communicated through another), the sophistication and usability of the BrainPort V100 could mean that the number of sensory substitution devices permitted by the FDA is on the rise.</p>
<p dir="ltr">The BrainPort V100 consists of a pair of dark glasses and tongue-stimulating electrodes connected to a handheld battery-operated device. When cameras in the glasses pick up visual stimuli, software converts the information to electrical pulses sent as vibrations to be felt on the user’s tongue. Like most sensory substitution devices, “seeing” with your tongue may not be intuitive at first. But the researchers who developed the device tested it over the course of a year, training users to interpret the vibrations. Studies showed that 69 percent of the test subjects were able to identify an object using the BrainPort device after a year of training. However, the device is expensive; Wicab told<i>Popular Science</i> that it will cost $10,000 per unit, the same as its price <a href="http://www.gizmag.com/brainport-sight-device/12551/">when first reported back in 2009</a>.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Researchers have been <a href="http://www.popsci.com/article/gadgets/use-your-tongue-check-your-smartphone">fiddling with</a><a href="http://www.popsci.com/prototype-retainer-could-help-hearing-impaired-hear-their-tongues">sensory substitution</a> for a long time, but most of these devices are not yet widely available. The BrainPort V100 will be on one of the first, having passed the FDA’s review through recently-updated guidelines called the premarket review pathway: “a regulatory pathway for some low- to moderate-risk medical devices that are not substantially equivalent to an already legally-marketed device,” according to <a href="http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm451779.htm">the press release</a>. Since this device is now allowed to be marketed and was approved relatively quickly through these new guidelines, the BrainPort may be paving the way for an explosion of sensory substitution devices to hit the market in the next few years, which could help the growing numbers of Americans with sensory impairments.</p>
prejihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07628985740706143447noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1421721248378291188.post-27479588812219479682015-06-23T08:42:00.001+05:302015-06-23T08:42:45.408+05:30Mind-Reading Program Translates Thoughts Into Text<p dir="ltr"></p>
<p dir="ltr"><img src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/small_1x_/public/braintext_0.jpg?itok=vnCnY2OA"></p>
<p dir="ltr">Technology can reconstruct <a href="http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2011-09/mind-reading-tech-reconstructs-videos-brain-images">video</a> based on a person's thoughts and even anticipate your moves while you <a href="http://www.popsci.com/cars/article/2011-09/future-mind-reading-cars-will-anticipate-drivers-next-moves-and-act-accordingly">drive</a>. Now, a brain-to-text system can translate brain activity into written words.</p>
<p dir="ltr">In a recent study in <i><a href="http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2015.00217/full">Frontiers in Neuroscience</a></i>, seven patients had electrode sheets placed on their brain which collected neural data while they read passages aloud from the Gettysburg Address, JFK’s inaugural speech, and Humpty Dumpty.</p>
<p dir="ltr">As each patient spoke, a computer algorithm learned to associate speech sounds—such as "foh", "net", and "ik"—with different firing patterns in the brain cells. Eventually it learned to read the brain cells well enough that it could guess which sound they were producing with up to 75 percent accuracy. But the program doesn't need 100 percent accuracy to put those sounds together into the word "phonetic". Because our speech only takes certain forms, the system’s algorithm can correct for these errors “just like autocorrect,” says Peter Brunner, one of the co-authors of the study.</p>
<p dir="ltr">“Siri wouldn’t be more accurate than 50 or 70 percent,” he says. “Because it knows what the potential options are that you choose, or the typical sentences that you say, it can actually utilize this information to get the right choice.”</p>
<p dir="ltr">It is important to record the data directly from the brain, says Brunner, because picking up neural activity from the scalp only gives a “blurred version” of what is happening in the brain. He likened the latter method to flying 1000 feet above a baseball stadium and only being able to vaguely recognize that people are cheering, but not the specifics of what the people’s faces look like.</p>
<p dir="ltr">In this case, the patients were already undergoing an epilepsy procedure where the skull is popped open and an electrode grid is placed on the brain to map areas where neurons are misfiring. The resourceful team of researchers from the National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies and the State University of New York at Albany used this time to conduct their own research. However, it means study was limited by each patient’s individualized epilepsy treatment, such as where the electrodes were placed on the brain.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Because every person’s brain is so unique, and the neural activity must be picked up directly from the brain, it would be difficult to create a general brain-to-text device for the average consumer, says Brunner. However, this technology has a lot of potential to be used for people who suffer from neurological diseases, such as ALS, who lose the ability to move and to speak. Instead of using an external device like Steven Hawking to pick out words on a screen for a computer to read, the computer would simply speak your mind.</p>
<p dir="ltr">“This is just the beginning,” said Brunner. “The prospects of this are really endless.”</p>
prejihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07628985740706143447noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1421721248378291188.post-8000837853935157102015-06-22T09:08:00.001+05:302015-06-22T09:08:17.088+05:30Google Attacks Its Own App Store With Its Newest Acquisition<p dir="ltr"><br></p>
<p dir="ltr"><img src="http://g.foolcdn.com/editorial/images/170610/capturegoogle_large.PNG"></p>
<p dir="ltr">Source: Google</p>
<p dir="ltr">Let's face it... America is crazy for apps. According to ratings company <b>Nielsen</b>, the average U.S. smartphone user spends 37.5 hours every month playing games, browsing social media, or consuming news through apps.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Not only is that a significant amount of time, it's quickly increasing. Overall, the company found that time spent on apps more than doubled from 18.3 hours a month in Q4 2011 to the aforementioned 37.5 in Q4 2014, which is good for an annualized growth figure of 27%.</p>
<p dir="ltr">On the surface, this sounds like good news for both major operating systems -- <b>Google</b>'s(NASDAQ: GOOGL) (NASDAQ: GOOG) Android and <b>Apple</b>'s (NASDAQ: AAPL) iOS -- as it portends growing importance for app gatekeepers and ecosystems. Look more deeply into the data, however, and the proliferation of apps is decidedly better for one company than the other... and it isn't the company that makes the majority of its revenue from search.</p>
<p dir="ltr"><b>Even with the majority of the mobile OS market, Google is a search company</b><br>
Google commanded a massive 1.6 billion smartphone installed base as of year-end 2014, good for 76% market share and leading Apple's total of 410 million smartphones. But that's not how Google makes the majority of its money. Looking at the last fiscal year, the company reported $66 billion in total revenue, with $59 billion of that coming from advertising and search. The remainder -- roughly $7 billion -- is reported in a catch-all "other revenues" figure, which includes revenue from apps and content from the Google Play store.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Here's the conundrum: While Google has the largest app store by sheer subscriber numbers, the company receives the majority of its money from advertising and search-based revenues. For an interesting corollary, investment firm<b>Goldman Sachs</b> estimated that in 2014, Google<a href="http://m.fool.com/investing/general/2015/05/30/should-google-root-for-apples-ios-in-asia">made more in mobile search revenue from Apple's iOS</a> than it made from its own app store and mobile search, combined.</p>
<p dir="ltr">As a matter of fact, eMarketer (via <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/google-made-secret-acquisition-of-agawi-2015-6">Business Insider</a>) estimates that $38 billion of Google's total revenue -- nearly 60% -- comes directly from search. And considering that very few apps utilize any search features at all, the migration toward an apps-based Internet experience, and away from web browsing, presents a headwind of sorts for Big G.</p>
<p dir="ltr"><b>Google's attempt to lessen app dependence</b><br>
According to Amir Efrati from the website The Information<i>, Google's not taking this threat lightly. The search giant quietly acquired Agawi last year. This company's technology allows smartphone users to access an app on the web via streaming without having to download the actual app. And while there are a few other reasons to buy the technology -- most notably, to save internal phone storage -- the most plausible reason for the purchase is to keep smartphone users from downloading apps.</i></p>
<p dir="ltr"><i>Is this technology a game changer? Who knows; but the fact that the technology was purchased last year, and is just now being reported, points to the fact that more development or integration is needed. In addition, it now appears that Google is working more closely with app developers to improve its mobile search experience.</i></p>
<p dir="ltr"><i>The key here is that Google is working on reducing the growing dependence on apps, while also working harder to monetize app-based browsing -- all good news for long-term investors.</i></p>
<p dir="ltr"><b><i>The next billion-dollar Apple secret</i></b><br>
<i>Apple forgot to show you something at its recent event, but a few Wall Street analysts and the Fool didn't miss a beat: There's a small company that's powering Apple's brand-new gadgets and the coming revolution in technology. And its stock price has nearly unlimited room to run for early in-the-know investors! To be one of them, just </i><a href="http://www.fool.com/ecap/rule-breakers/rb-next-billion-dollar-secret/?aid=6965&source=irbeditxt0000017"><i>click here</i></a><i>.</i></p>
<p dir="ltr"><img src="http://m.fool.com/common/img/Mobile/bigLoader.gif"><i></i></p>
<p dir="ltr"><b><i>The End of the "Made-In-China" Era</i></b><i> </i><br>
<i>The 21st century industrial revolution has already begun. Business Insider calls it "the next trillion dollar industry". A new investment video reveals the impossible (but real) technology that could make you impossibly rich. Simply enter your email address below to see the surprise ending:</i></p>
prejihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07628985740706143447noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1421721248378291188.post-40643439939335115122015-06-21T16:52:00.001+05:302015-06-21T16:52:18.806+05:30New 5-Day ‘Fasting’ Diet Seems To Lower Disease Risk, Slow Aging<p dir="ltr"></p>
<p dir="ltr">#<a href="http://www.pusatnews.com/en/tag//Diet">Diet</a> #<a href="http://www.pusatnews.com/en/tag//Health">Health</a> – <b>New 5-Day ‘Fasting’ Diet Seems To Lower Disease Risk, Slow Aging – </b><br>
<img src="http://www.pusatnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/vegetable-salad-700x336.jpg"><br>
The new Fasting Mimicking Diet (FMD), developed by university researchers is under human trials in the United States. The new diet produces the best results when people starve by cutting calories for five days in a row. The “fasting” diet could help to produce results such as weight loss; better immune system; lower risk of cancer, heart disease and diabetes; and looking younger.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Researchers at the University of Southern California (USC) created the diet. They stated that most people would only stick to the diet plan four times every year. One of the benefits of the new diet is that there is no need for calorie reduction.  Significant lowering of caloric intake can result in people often feeling hungry and getting moody.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Dr. Valter Longo is a USC professor. He is also one of the main developers of the new fasting method.The findings of Longo’s recent study were published this week in the journal Cell Metabolism.</p>
<p dir="ltr">In the laboratory research, old mice were placed in cycles of a low-calorie diet for four days. The dieting effects included belly fat loss, more stem cells in many organs, and improved memory, according Tech Times. A human trial of FMD included 19 humans who completed a monthly “fast,” according to The Telegraph.  The fasting diet lasted 5 days.</p>
prejihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07628985740706143447noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1421721248378291188.post-70925864238086999322015-06-21T13:03:00.001+05:302015-06-21T13:03:25.197+05:30Answer to a 150-Year-Old Math Conundrum Brings More Mystery<p dir="ltr"></p>
<p dir="ltr"><img src="http://www.wired.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/SchoolGirls-640x4661-582x424.png"><a href="http://www.wired.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/SchoolGirls-640x4661.png"></a></p>
<p dir="ltr">In 1850, the Reverend Thomas Kirkman, rector of the parish of Croft-with-Southworth in Lancashire, England, posed an innocent-looking puzzle in the <i>Lady’s and Gentleman’s Diary</i>, a recreational mathematics journal:</p>
<p dir="ltr">“Fifteen young ladies in a school walk out three abreast for seven days in succession: it is required to arrange them daily, so that no two shall walk twice abreast.” (By “abreast,” Kirkman meant “in a group,” so the girls are walking out in groups of three, and each pair of girls should be in the same group just once.)</p>
<p dir="ltr"><img src="http://www.wired.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/PuzzlePromoV1-300x198-289x191.jpg"><a href="http://www.wired.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/PuzzlePromoV1-300x198.jpg"></a><a href="https://www.quantamagazine.org/20150609-the-nine-schoolgirls-challenge/">Solve a variation of Thomas Kirkman’s puzzle</a> by arranging nine girls in walking groups. And think fast—the clock is ticking. Emily Fuhrman for Quanta Magazine, with design by Olena Shmahalo. Collage resources from The Graphics Fairy and and Clker.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Pull out a pencil and paper, and you’ll quickly find that the problem is harder than it looks: After arranging the schoolgirls for the first two or three days, you’ll almost inevitably have painted yourself into a corner, and have to undo your work.</p>
<p dir="ltr">The puzzle tantalized readers with its simplicity, and in the years following its publication it went viral, in a slow, modestly Victorian sort of way. It generated solutions from amateurs (<a href="https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/SchoolgirlsSolution.pdf">here’s one of seven solutions</a>) and papers by distinguished mathematicians, and was even turned into a verse by “a lady,” that begins:</p>
<p dir="ltr"><b>Quanta Magazine</b></p>
<p dir="ltr"><img src="http://www.wired.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/NEW_QM_Square_Lockup.jpeg"></p>
<p dir="ltr">About</p>
<p dir="ltr"><a href="https://www.quantamagazine.org/20150609-a-design-dilemma-solved-minus-designs/">Original story</a> reprinted with permission from<i><a href="http://www.quantamagazine.org/">Quanta Magazine</a></i><i>, an editorially independent division of </i><a href="https://simonsfoundation.org/">SimonsFoundation.org</a><i> whose mission is to enhance public understanding of science by covering research developments and trends in mathematics and the physical and life sciences.</i></p>
<p dir="ltr">A governess of great renown,<br>
Young ladies had fifteen,<br>
Who promenaded near the town,<br>
Along the meadows green.</p>
<p dir="ltr">While Kirkman later bemoaned the fact that his weightier mathematical contributions had been eclipsed by the popularity of this humble brainteaser, he was quick to defend his territory when another prominent mathematician, James Joseph Sylvester, claimed to have created the problem “which has since become so well-known, and fluttered so many a gentle bosom.”</p>
<p dir="ltr">The puzzle may seem like an amusing game (<a href="http://www.quantamagazine.org/?p=17055">try a simpler version here</a>), but its publication helped launch a field of mathematics called combinatorial design theory that now fills gigantic handbooks. What started as an assortment of conundrums about how to arrange people into groups—or “designs,” as these arrangements came to be called—has since found applications in experiment design, error-correcting codes, cryptography, tournament brackets and even the lottery.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Yet for more than 150 years after Kirkman circulated his schoolgirl problem, the most fundamental question in the field remained unanswered: Do such puzzles usually have solutions? Kirkman’s puzzle is a prototype for a more general problem: If you have <i>n</i> schoolgirls, can you create groups of size<i> k</i> such that each smaller set of size <i>t</i> appears in just one of the larger groups? Such an arrangement is called an (<i>n</i>, <i>k</i>, <i>t</i>) design. (Kirkman’s setup has the additional wrinkle that the groups must be sortable into “days.”)</p>
<p dir="ltr"><img src="http://www.wired.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/LGDiary_CoverAndPage-300x239-289x230.jpg"><a href="http://www.wired.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/LGDiary_CoverAndPage-300x239.jpg"></a>Thomas Kirkman’s popular math puzzle was first published in the 1850 edition of the Lady’s and Gentleman’s Diary. Hathi Trust</p>
<p dir="ltr">It’s easy to see that not all choices of <i>n</i>, <i>k</i> and <i>t</i>will work. If you have six schoolgirls, for instance, you can’t make a collection of schoolgirl triples in which every possible pair appears exactly once: Each triple that included “Annabel” would contain two pairs involving her, but Annabel belongs to five pairs, and five is not divisible by two. Many combinations of <i>n</i>, <i>k</i> and <i>t</i> are instantly ruled out by these sorts of divisibility obstacles.</p>
<p dir="ltr">For the parameters that aren’t ruled out, there’s no royal road to finding designs. In many cases, mathematicians have found designs, through a combination of brute force and algebraic methods. But design theorists have also found examples of parameters, such as (43, 7, 2), that have no designs even though all the divisibility requirements check out. Are such cases the exception, mathematicians wondered, or the rule? “It was one of the most famous problems in combinatorics,” said <a href="http://www.ma.huji.ac.il/~kalai/">Gil Kalai</a>, a mathematician at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He recalls debating the question with a colleague a year and a half ago, and concluding that “we’ll never know the answer, because it’s clearly too hard.”</p>
<p dir="ltr">Just two weeks later, however, a young mathematician named <a href="http://people.maths.ox.ac.uk/keevash/">Peter Keevash</a>, of the University of Oxford, proved Kalai wrong. In January 2014, Keevash established that, apart from a few exceptions, <a href="http://arxiv.org/pdf/1401.3665v1.pdf">designs will always exist</a> if the divisibility requirements are satisfied. In a<a href="http://arxiv.org/pdf/1504.02909v1.pdf">second paper</a> posted this April on the scientific preprint site arxiv.org, Keevash showed how to count the approximate number of designs for given parameters. This number grows exponentially—for example, there are more than 11 billion ways to arrange 19 schoolgirls into triples so that each pair appears once.</p>
<p dir="ltr">The result is “a bit of an earthquake as far as design theory is concerned,” said <a href="https://www.dpmms.cam.ac.uk/~wtg10/">Timothy Gowers</a>, a mathematician at the University of Cambridge. The method of the proof, which combines design theory with probability, is something no one expected to work, he said. “It’s a big surprise, what Keevash did.”</p>
<p dir="ltr"><b>Winning Big</b></p>
<p dir="ltr">Mathematicians realized in the early days of design theory that the field was intimately connected with certain branches of algebra and geometry. For instance, geometric structures called “finite projective planes”—collections of points and lines analogous to those in paintings that use perspective—are really just designs in disguise. The smallest such geometry, a collection of seven points called the Fano plane , gives rise to a (7, 3, 2) design: Each line contains exactly three points, and each pair of points appears in exactly one line. Such connections gave mathematicians a geometric way to generate specific designs.</p>
<p dir="ltr"><img src="http://www.wired.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/600px-Fano_plane.svg-300x300-289x289.png"><a href="http://www.wired.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/600px-Fano_plane.svg-300x300.png"></a>The geometric structure called a “Fano plane” corresponds to a (7, 3, 2) design. Gunther</p>
<p dir="ltr">In the 1920s, the renowned statistician Ronald Fisher showed how to use designs to set up agricultural experiments in which several types of plants had to be compared across different experimental conditions. Today, said <a href="http://www.public.asu.edu/~ccolbou/">Charles Colbourn</a>, a computer scientist at Arizona State University in Tempe, “one of the main things [experiment-planning software] does is construct designs.”</p>
<p dir="ltr">Starting in the 1930s, designs also became widely used to create error-correcting codes, systems that communicate accurately even when information must be sent through noisy channels. Designs translate neatly into error-correcting codes, since they create sets (groups of schoolgirls) that are very different from each other—for instance, in the original schoolgirl problem, no two of the schoolgirl triples contain more than a single girl in common. If you use the schoolgirl groups as your “code words,” then if there’s a transmission error as you are sending one of the code words, you can still figure out which one was sent, since only one code word will be close to the garbled transmission. The Hamming code, one of the most famous early error-correcting codes, is essentially equivalent to the (7, 3, 2) Fano plane design, and another code related to designs was used to encode pictures of Mars that the Mariner 9 probe sent back to Earth in the early 1970s. “Some of the most beautiful codes are ones that are constructed from designs,” Colbourn said.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Design theory may even have been used by betting cartels that made millions of dollars off of Massachusetts’ poorly designed Cash WinFall lottery between 2005 and 2011. That lottery involved choosing six numbers out of 46 choices; tickets won a jackpot if they matched all six numbers, and smaller prizes if they matched five out of six numbers.</p>
<p dir="ltr">There are more than 9 million possible ways to pick six numbers out of 46, so buying tickets with every possible combination would cost far more than the game’s typical jackpot. A number of groups realized, however, that buying hundreds of thousands of tickets would enable them to turn a profit by scooping up many of the smaller prizes. Arguably the best assortment of tickets for such a strategy is a (46, 6, 5) design, which creates tickets of six numbers such that every set of five numbers appears exactly once, guaranteeing either the jackpot or every possible five-number prize.</p>
<p dir="ltr">No one has found a (46, 6, 5) design so far, Colbourn said, but designs exist that are close enough to be useful. Did any of the betting cartels use such a design “to siphon money from the Lottery at no risk to themselves?” wrote<a href="http://www.math.wisc.edu/~ellenber/">Jordan Ellenberg</a>, a mathematician at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, who discussed the Cash WinFall lottery in his book <i>How Not to Be Wrong</i>. If they didn’t, Ellenberg wrote, they probably should have.</p>
<p dir="ltr">It would be hard to make a complete list of the applications of designs, Colbourn said, because new ones are constantly being discovered. “I keep being surprised at how many quite different places designs arise, especially when you least expect them,” he said.</p>
<p dir="ltr"><b>A Perfect Design</b></p>
<p dir="ltr">As the number of design applications exploded, mathematicians filled reference books with lists of designs that might someday prove useful. “We have tables that say ‘For this set of parameters, 300,000 designs are known,’” said Colbourn, a co-editor of the 1,016-page <i>Handbook of Combinatorial Designs</i>.</p>
<p dir="ltr"><img src="http://www.wired.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/PeterKeevash-289x434.jpg"><a href="http://www.wired.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/PeterKeevash.jpg"></a>Peter Keevash of the University of Oxford. Peter Keevash</p>
<p dir="ltr">Despite the abundance of examples, however, mathematicians struggled to get a handle on just how often designs should exist. The only case they understood thoroughly was the one in which the smallest parameter, <i>t</i>, equals 2:<a href="http://www.math.caltech.edu/people/wilson.html">Richard Wilson</a>, of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0097316575900679">showed in the</a> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0097316575900679">mid-1970s</a> that when<i> t</i> = 2, for any <i>k</i> there is at most a finite number of exceptions—values of <i>n</i> that satisfy the divisibility rules but don’t have designs.</p>
<p dir="ltr">But for <i>t</i> greater than 2, no one knew whether designs should usually exist—and for values of <i>t</i>greater than 5, they couldn’t even find a single example of a design. “There were people who felt strongly that [designs] would exist, and others who felt strongly that it’s too much to ask for,” Colbourn said.</p>
<p dir="ltr">In 1985, <a href="http://www.mathcs.emory.edu/~rodl/">Vojtěch Rödl</a> of Emory University in Atlanta offered mathematicians a consolation prize: He proved that it’s almost always <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195669885800238">possible to make a good </a><i><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195669885800238">approximate</a></i> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195669885800238">design</a>—one that perhaps is missing a small fraction of the sets you want, but not many. Rödl’s approach uses a random process to gradually build up the collection of sets—a procedure that came to be known as the Rödl nibble, because, as Keevash put it, “instead of trying to swallow everything at once, you just take a nibble.”</p>
<p dir="ltr">Since then, the Rödl nibble has become a widely used tool in combinatorics, and has even been used in number theory. Last year, for example, mathematicians used it to help establish <a href="https://www.quantamagazine.org/20141210-prime-gap-grows-after-decades-long-lull/">how far apart prime numbers can be</a>.</p>
<p dir="ltr">But mathematicians agreed that the nibble wouldn’t be useful for attempts to make perfect designs. After all, at the end of Rödl’s procedure, you will typically have missed a small fraction of the smaller sets you need. To make a perfect design, you’d need to add in some additional larger groups that cover the missing sets. But unless you’re very lucky, those new larger groups are going to overlap with some of the groups that are already in your design, sending new errors cascading through your system.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Designs just didn’t seem to have the kind of flexibility that would allow a random approach to work. It seemed “obviously impossible,” Gowers said, that an approach like Rödl’s could be used to make perfect designs.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Last year, however—nearly three decades after Rödl’s work—Keevash showed that it is possible to control the cascade of errors by using an approach that marries flexibility and rigidity. Keevash modified Rödl’s construction by starting off the nibble with a specific collection of schoolgirl groups, called a “template,” that has particularly nice algebraic properties. At the end of the nibble, there will be errors to correct, but once the errors propagate into the template, Keevash showed, they can almost always be fixed there in a finite number of steps, producing a perfect design. “The full proof is extremely delicate and it is a phenomenal achievement,”<a href="http://www.nieuwarchief.nl/serie5/pdf/naw5-2014-15-3-167.pdf">wrote</a> Ross Kang, of Radboud University in the Netherlands.</p>
<p dir="ltr">“I think a few years ago, nobody thought that a proof was on the horizon,” Colbourn said. “It’s an extraordinary breakthrough.”</p>
<p dir="ltr">For pure mathematicians, Keevash’s result is in a sense the end of the story: It establishes that for any parameters <i>t</i> and <i>k</i>, all values of <i>n</i> that fit the divisibility conditions will have a design, apart from at most a finite number of exceptions. “It sort of kills off a whole class of problems,” Gowers said.</p>
<p dir="ltr">But Keevash’s result leaves many mysteries unsolved for people who care about actual designs. In theory, his template-nibble approach could be used to create designs, but for now it’s unclear how large <i>n</i> has to be for his method to work, or how long an algorithm based on his method would take to run. And while Keevash has proved that designs almost always exist, his result doesn’t say whether a design will exist for any particular set of parameters you might care about. “People will presumably still work on this for generations,” Wilson said.</p>
<p dir="ltr"><img src="http://www.wired.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Prisoners_v1-404x640-289x458.jpg"><a href="http://www.wired.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Prisoners_v1-404x640.jpg"></a>An illustration of the nine prisoners problem from Martin Gardner’s book <i><a href="http://www.springer.com/us/book/9780387258270">The Last Recreations</a></i>. Martin Gardner / Springer Science+Business Media</p>
<p dir="ltr">Still, Keevash’s result will shift the mindset of mathematicians who are trying to find designs, Colbourn said. “Before, it wasn’t clear whether the focus should be on constructing designs or proving they don’t exist,” he said. “Now at least we know the effort should focus on constructing them.”</p>
<p dir="ltr">And the shortage of information about specific designs leaves plenty of fun puzzles for recreational mathematicians to solve. So in the spirit of Kirkman, we will leave the gentle reader with another brainteaser, a slight variation on the schoolgirl puzzle devised in 1917 by the British puzzle aficionado Henry Ernest Dudeney and later popularized by Martin Gardner: Nine prisoners are taken outdoors for exercise in rows of three, with each adjacent pair of prisoners linked by handcuffs, on each of the six weekdays (back in Dudeney’s less enlightened times, Saturday was still a weekday). Can the prisoners be arranged over the course of the six days so that each pair of prisoners shares handcuffs exactly once?</p>
<p dir="ltr">Dudeney wrote that this puzzle is “quite a different problem from the old one of the Fifteen Schoolgirls, and it will be found to be a fascinating teaser and amply repay for the leisure time spent on its solution.” Happy solving!</p>
<p dir="ltr"><a href="https://www.quantamagazine.org/20150609-a-design-dilemma-solved-minus-designs//"><i>Original story</i></a><i> reprinted with permission from</i><a href="https://www.quantamagazine.org/"><i>Quanta Magazine</i></a><i>, an editorially independent publication of the </i><a href="https://www.simonsfoundation.org/"><i>Simons Foundation</i></a><i> whose mission is to enhance public understanding of science by covering research developments and trends in mathematics and the physical and life sciences.</i></p>
prejihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07628985740706143447noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1421721248378291188.post-22989216649070693352015-06-20T09:27:00.001+05:302015-06-20T09:27:01.888+05:30Scientists Are Growing A Human Placenta On A Chip<p dir="ltr"></p>
<p dir="ltr">In order to understand how the organ selectively transmits cells from mother to child</p>
<p dir="ltr"><img src="http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/styles/small_1x_/public/placenta_on_a_chip_experiment.jpg?itok=oQRoTXLi"></p>
<p dir="ltr">A placenta on a chip device</p>
<p dir="ltr">Courtesy of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p>
<p dir="ltr">From <a href="http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2010-09/every-breathe-you-fake">lungs</a> to <a href="http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2012-07/new-microbrain-and-other-organ-simulators-could-improve-drug-testing">brains</a>, organ tissues grown on a lab are telling researchers a lot about how their cells do their jobs. Now researchers are using the technology to <a href="http://www.nih.gov/news/health/jun2015/nichd-18.htm">better understand the placenta</a>, the temporary organ that connects a fetus and mother during pregnancy.</p>
<p dir="ltr">The placenta’s primary function is to act as a “crossing guard” between mother and child—it sends the good stuff (like nutrients and oxygen) along to the baby, while leaving other damaging elements like chemicals from environmental exposure or disease-causing bacteria or viruses. If the placenta is damaged or doesn’t work right, it could endanger the health of both the mother and the baby.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Researchers don’t really know how the placenta is able to transmit the good things while keeping out the bad. That’s because the placenta is notoriously difficult to study in humans—it takes a long time, varies a lot between individual patients, and could put the fetus’ safety at risk. In the past, most studies about the placenta were done in animals to work around these issues. Animal studies have shed some light on how the placenta works, but the tissue is never quite the same as in humans.</p>
<p dir="ltr">A rendering of the placenta on a chip<br></p>
prejihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07628985740706143447noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1421721248378291188.post-39281414557032505602015-06-19T08:35:00.001+05:302015-06-19T08:35:41.743+05:30The next Apple Watch could have a FaceTime camera<p dir="ltr"><br></p>
<p dir="ltr">The Apple Watch is barely two months old, but details are already starting to come out about what's planned for the next model. <i>9to5Mac</i>reports that Apple is currently planning to put a camera for video chatting on the top bezel of the Watch. It may also gain more independence from the iPhone by including a new wireless chip that would allow the Watch to use Wi-Fi to handle more advanced tasks. Apple is also said to be satisfied with the Watch's battery life and not focused on improving it for the next model. The report warns that Apple's current plans could be scrapped and saved for future models, depending on how development goes.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Video chatting sounds futuristic but frustrating</p>
<p dir="ltr">The addition of a video camera to the Watch is, arguably, a strange next step. While video chatting on a smartwatch certainly has a wonderfully futuristic vibe that could help to sell the new model, it could have significant downsides, including rapidly draining the Watch's battery, requiring an awkward arm position for an extended period of time, and only displaying the video on a very small screen. Of course, Apple also made the inclusion of front-facing smartphone cameras explode, so it's not worth counting this idea out based on the concept alone. Samsung has previously included a camera in a smartwatch, although it was oriented for taking photos.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Including more capable wireless abilities in the next Watch is certainly an important addition. The Watch is currently quite limited because it pretty much always needs to be paired to an iPhone over Bluetooth in order to work. It can currently do some functions over Wi-Fi, but it's largely meant as a backup — not as a way to use the Watch without a phone. It's not clear how much of that would change with an update to the Watch, but any alterations that let it grow a bit more independent are still meaningful and convenient steps forward.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Apple's customer research has apparently indicated that people are satisfied with the Watch's battery life, <i>9to5Mac </i>reports. It's true that the Watch, typically, does make it through the day. But, much like the iPhone, if you actually decide to use the Watch in a significant way one day, there's a good chance that it'll run out quickly — and it's pretty rough having a dead Watch on your wrist. It's not entirely surprising then that Apple is trying to focus on new features while maintaining the Watch's existing battery life, but it would be nice to see improvement in that area in the future.</p>
<p dir="ltr">New high-end models could sit beneath the gold Editions</p>
<p dir="ltr">In addition to the new features, <i>9to5Mac </i>reports that Apple is considering making a new high-end version of the Watch. It could be either an extension of the Apple Watch line or a new line that sits above the Apple Watch but well below the Edition. Apple reportedly wants to target people willing to spend more than $1,000, but not quite the $10,000 or so needed to buy a gold Edition. These new models could be the standard Apple Watch with new bands, or they could be part of a new line made with different materials, the report suggests.</p>
<p dir="ltr">There's been no real suggestion of when Apple will release the next version of the Watch, but it's likely that it won't be until next year. Apple typically updates its products on a one-year cycle, and the Watch is still only months old. It probably won't be ready for a refresh this fall, either, even when Apple releases watchOS 2, which brings with it support for native third-party apps. The updated software includes a number of other new features, including support for third-party complications, which could pretty quickly make the Watch a lot more useful.</p>
<p dir="ltr"><i>Correction: This article previously stated that the Watch was incapable of updating apps like Weather over Wi-Fi. It can, so long as the network is already known through a paired iPhone.</i></p>
prejihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07628985740706143447noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1421721248378291188.post-1372959912205620102015-06-19T06:31:00.001+05:302015-06-19T06:31:09.974+05:30Energy harnessed from humidity can power small devices<p dir="ltr"><b> </b></p>
<p dir="ltr"><img src="http://news.sciencemag.org/sites/default/files/styles/thumb_article_l/public/sn-moisture.jpg?itok=1G0n_KEh"></p>
<p dir="ltr">Researchers have built devices that harness changes in atmospheric humidity to generate small amounts of electricity, lift tiny weights, and even power a toy car. In the grand scheme of things, that captured energy is not free, but it’s pretty darn close. The study suggests that evaporation could be used to operate a variety of gadgets that don’t require a lot of power, scientists say.</p>
<p dir="ltr">“This is one of the first experiments to show that humidity can be a source of fuel,” says Albert Schenning, a materials scientist at the Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands who wasn’t involved in the new study. The team’s designs, he says, “are very nice and very clever.”</p>
<p dir="ltr">All the gadgets rely on a simple phenomenon—the change in size of bacterial spores as they absorb moisture from the air and then release it, says team leader Ozgur Sahin, a biophysicist at Columbia University. Sahin and his colleagues used the living but dormant spores from <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, a species of bacteria commonly found in soil and in the human gastrointestinal tract. Each spore typically swells and then shrinks up to 6% when moved from dry air to extremely humid air and then back again, Sahin says. The researchers harnessed that size-changing action by gluing thin layers of spores onto one side of curved sheets of polymer. When the spores swelled, that side of the polymer sheet lengthened—which in turn caused the curved sheet to somewhat straighten out. The stretching and contracting of these spore-coated polymer sheets are the driving force for the team’s devices.</p>
<p dir="ltr">A change in size of 6% may not sound that impressive. But when the researchers strung together a series of these polymer sheets, <a href="http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/ncomms8346">the “artificial muscles” they created quadrupled in length</a> when relative humidity changed from below 30% to more than 80%, the team reports today in <i>Nature Communications</i>.  </p>
<p dir="ltr">The thicker the spore layer, the longer it would take for the muscles to react to changes in humidity. So, to make sure their artificial muscles were quick-acting, the researchers used spore layers that were extremely thin—no more than 3 micrometers thick, or about 5 spores deep on average, Sahin says. Tests showed that the devices could react to humidity changes within 3 seconds, he notes.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Tests also revealed that the spore-coated polymer strips could expand and shrink for more than 1 million cycles with little change in their range of motion. Other trials showed that the strips, when they shrank, could <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x5j9VEye1OY">lift more than 50 times their own weight</a> (video). But they did so much more slowly than an animal’s muscle would, so the power they generated—that is, their rate of energy production—was correspondingly low.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Nevertheless, the team harnessed changes in humidity to perform actual work. In one device, the back-and-forth motion driven by one artificial muscle suspended above a postage stamp–sized patch of water provided enough electrical power to light an LED. In another, the expansion of muscles on one side of a Ferris wheel–like device (where the air was humidified by evaporation from a wet paper towel) but not the other triggered an imbalance that <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=26&v=VhPKI-FRmww">caused the wheel to rotate</a> (video). The team used the motion of a similar wheel to <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xeLD8u-z-Wg">power a 100-gram toy car</a>(video).</p>
<p dir="ltr">“These are fun demonstrations, but they prove the principle,” says Peter Fratzl, a materials scientist at the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces in Potsdam, Germany, who was not involved with the work. Researchers are constantly looking for sources of energy, even if they’re small, he notes. “It makes sense to use these gradients [in humidity], because they’re everywhere and they’re free.”</p>
<p dir="ltr">The team’s results are a good conceptual starting point, says George Whitesides, a chemist at Harvard University. Such devices could, in theory, generate enough electricity to run a few transistors, he adds. “But it will still be a while before these things are in every child’s bathtub.”<br></p>
prejihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07628985740706143447noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1421721248378291188.post-71303787656070627942015-06-19T06:25:00.001+05:302015-06-19T06:25:10.799+05:30Short-term fasting may improve health<p dir="ltr"></p>
<p dir="ltr"><img src="http://news.sciencemag.org/sites/default/files/styles/thumb_article_l/public/sn-fasting.jpg?itok=zhbCLKEV"></p>
<p dir="ltr">After years of fasting, the Buddha’s “legs were like bamboo sticks, his backbone was like a rope, his chest was like an incomplete roof of a house, his eyes sank right inside, like stones in a deep well,” according to one account. The Buddha didn’t get what he wanted from this extreme fasting—enlightenment—but a new study suggests that a diet that replicates some effects of milder deprivation may not only lower your weight but also confer other benefits. Researchers report that following the diet for just 5 days a month improves several measures of health, including reducing the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Eating shortens life, and not just because overindulgence can lead to diseases such as diabetes. A diet that cuts food intake by up to 40%, known as calorie restriction, increases longevity in a variety of organisms and forestalls cancer, heart disease, and other late-life illnesses. Although some short-term studies suggest that calorie restriction provides metabolic benefits to people, nobody has confirmed that it also increases human life span. The closest researchers have come are two large, long-term studies of monkeys, and they <a href="http://news.sciencemag.org/2012/08/hungry-monkeys-not-living-longer">conflict about whether meager rations increase longevity</a>.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Even if calorie restriction could add years to our lives, almost no one can muster the willpower to eat so little day after day, year after year. An alternative that might be more, er, palatable is fasting, the temporary abstinence from food. Gerontological researcher Valter Longo of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles and colleagues have shown that fasting eases side effects of chemotherapy such as fatigue and weakness, and animal studies suggest that it produces health advantages similar to calorie restriction.</p>
<p dir="ltr">But hard-core fasting, in which people drink only water for days at a time, may be no easier than calorie restriction. “I’ve done it, and it was excruciating,” Longo says. For the new study he and his colleagues devised a less grueling diet that might still trigger the benefits of fasting. For two 4-day periods each month, middle-aged mice dined on low-protein, low-calorie chow. The rest of the month, they could nosh as much as they wanted.</p>
<p dir="ltr">The mice outlived their peers by an average of 3 months, a substantial amount for the rodents, and they displayed numerous signs of better health. As the researchers report online today in<i>Cell Metabolism</i>, the mice shed fat and were 45% less likely to fall victim to cancer. During their lean cuisine episodes, their level of blood sugar fell by 40% and the amount of insulin in the blood was 90% lower. And although brainpower usually declines with age, the mice retained more of their mental ability; they bested control animals in two kinds of memory tests, perhaps because they produced more new neurons in the hippocampus, a brain area crucial for memory.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Longo and colleagues also uncovered evidence that the <a href="http://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/abstract/S1550-4131(15)00224-7">regimen boosted the animals’ capacity to restore and replenish their tissues</a>. “That’s the most exciting” finding, Longo says. For instance, regeneration of the liver was quicker in the fasting animals, and the balance of different types of cells in their blood was more youthful. The numbers of certain stem cells also soared in the dieting rodents.</p>
<p dir="ltr">To determine whether occasional austerity might have the same impact on people, the researchers whipped up a menu of energy bars, soups, teas, and chips. One day’s fare furnishes between 725 and 1090 calories. “It’s not like eating ravioli, but it is better than going without,” Longo says. (The average adult man in America needs about 2000 to 3000 calories daily; people following calorie restriction may limit themselves to as few as 1200 calories.)</p>
<p dir="ltr">Much like the mice, the volunteers in the study followed the diet for 5 days straight and then returned to their usual dining habits for the rest of the month. In their paper, the researchers report the results for the first group of 19 subjects to try this “fasting mimicking” regimen and for 19 controls.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Only three rounds of alternating between the diet and normal eating appeared to improve the participants’ physical condition, reducing blood glucose, trimming abdominal fat, and cutting levels of a protein associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Longo and colleagues also detected a slight rise in the abundance of some stem cells in the blood, suggesting that the diet might promote regeneration in humans. “We think that what the fasting mimicking diet does is rejuvenate,” Longo says.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Other researchers say the results of the study are encouraging. “This single dietary change can counteract all these variables of aging, and I think that’s very impressive,” says molecular biologist Christopher Hine of the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston. The study shows that cutting calories all the time may not be necessary, adds biochemist James Mitchell, also of the Harvard School of Public Health. “Intermittent periods can have lasting effects.”</p>
<p dir="ltr">The new diet may also be more practical. “Calorie restriction has failed miserably in human trials” because it’s so hard to stick to, says gerontologist Rafael de Cabo of the U.S. National Institute on Aging in Baltimore, Maryland, who leads one of the monkey studies of calorie restriction. A regimen like the researchers use “is achievable,” he says.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Longo and colleagues have already completed a larger clinical trial of the diet with more than 80 subjects. Fasting like the Buddha is dangerous, and even the fasting mimicking diet could be harmful for some people, such as diabetics, Longo notes. Researchers need to study how the regimen works, who might benefit, and who might be harmed by it, Mitchell notes. “There is a lot of information to figure out.”</p>
prejihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07628985740706143447noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1421721248378291188.post-66421795470979000712015-06-18T18:16:00.001+05:302015-06-18T18:16:04.969+05:30Sharp in-cell display promises thinner smartphones
<p dir="ltr"><img src="http://cdn04.androidauthority.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Sharp-Aquos-5-710x473.jpg"></p>
<p dir="ltr"><a href="http://www.androidauthority.com/tag/sharp">Sharp</a> has announced that it has begun mass production of its in-cell type touch displays for smartphones this month. This design technique promises thinner, lighter displays, which could reduce the thickness and weight of upcoming smartphones.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Typically, smartphone displays are constructed from two layers. One layer for the actual light emitting parts, such as the <a href="http://www.androidauthority.com/tag/lcd">LCD</a>, with a separate touch recognition layer placed on top to detect user inputs. Sharp’s in-cell display technology integrates the two parts into the same layer, with touch sensor circuitry and LCD drive circuitry sitting side by side in the LCD module.</p>
<p dir="ltr"><img src="http://cdn04.androidauthority.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/In-cell-display-example-300x235.jpg"></p>
<p dir="ltr">An example (not to scale) of how in-cell saves on display thickness.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Integrating the two parts into the same layer means that Sharp’s displays will end up being slightly thinner than before, enabling manufacturers to produce smaller devices or use the additional space for extra hardware, such as larger battery capacities.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Sharp has been at the cutting edge of several recent developments in mobile displays. As well as consistently pushing the limits of pixel density with a range of <a href="http://www.androidauthority.com/sharp-55-inch-4k-igzo-display-600462/">small form factor 4K panel</a> prototypes, the company has also been pushing the use of <a href="http://www.androidauthority.com/tag/igzo/">IGZO</a> backplane technology, resulting in lower power consumption and a wider range of possible <a href="http://www.androidauthority.com/sharp-free-form-display-prototype-394606/">free-form design shapes and sizes</a>.</p>
<p dir="ltr">However, the company recently cut 6,000 jobs as part of this year’s <a href="http://www.androidauthority.com/sharp-sell-lcd-display-business-598894/">restructuring plans</a>, necessitated by Sharps’ third annual net loss in four years and a large bank bailout to keep the company afloat. Sharp’s LCD business accounts for the majority of its sales, thanks to orders from Apple and a number of Chinese manufacturers, so the company has been reluctant to make changes to this part of its business. Sharp seems to be hoping that new technologies will help increase orders from customers.</p>
<p dir="ltr">The first batch of in-cell displays to leave Sharp’s production line are destined for future smartphones. However, the company is also in the process of developing medium-sized in-cell touch displays for use in tablets and notebook PCs, where a little less bulk and weight will no doubt be even more appreciated.</p>
prejihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07628985740706143447noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1421721248378291188.post-37791631577937366842015-06-18T09:13:00.001+05:302015-06-18T09:13:17.989+05:30Scientists Say They Can Recreate Living Dinosaurs Within the Next 5 Years
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<img src="https://assets.entrepreneur.com/content/16x9/822/20150407140840-brontosaurus-comeback-dinosaur-extinct-prehistoric.jpeg"></p>
<p dir="ltr">In an attempt to reverse evolution, the team has already made significant strides in mutating chickens back to the very creatures from which they descended. If that wasn’t enough genetic splicing and dicing, Harvard scientists <a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3006260/Return-woolly-mammoth-Scientists-giant-step-recreating-extinct-beast-inserting-14-genes-elephants.html">attempted a similar feat recently</a> by inserting the genes of a woolly mammoth into elephants in order to recreate the extinct beasts. Whoa baby.</p>
<p dir="ltr">If the four major differences between dinosaurs and birds are their tails, arms, hands and mouths, Horner and team have already flipped certain genetic switches in chicken embryos to reverse-engineer a bird’s beak into a dinosaur-like snout.</p>
<p dir="ltr">“Actually, the wings and hands are not as difficult,” Horner said, adding that a ‘Chickensoraus’ -- as he calls the creation -- is well on its way to becoming reality. “The tail is the biggest project. But on the other hand, we have been able to do some things recently that have given us hope that it won't take too long."<br></p>
prejihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07628985740706143447noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1421721248378291188.post-83367151416068043522015-06-18T09:03:00.001+05:302015-06-18T09:03:22.903+05:30Galaxy Note 5 said to launch in August ahead of iPhone 6s<p dir="ltr"><img src="http://www.pusatnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/note-5-edge-concept-5-700x336.jpeg"><br>
#<a href="http://www.pusatnews.com/en/tag//GalaxyNote5">GalaxyNote5</a> #<a href="http://www.pusatnews.com/en/tag//iPhone6s">iPhone6s</a> – <b>Galaxy Note 5 said to launch in August ahead of iPhone 6s : </b>Samsung recently denied any plans to rush the Galaxy Note 5’s release, but rumors of an early launch just won’t die. A new report out of Asia claims the flagship phablet could arrive in late August to get a head start on Apple’s next iPhone.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Earlier rumors claimed the Galaxy Note 5 could launch as soon as July, but even an August release could give Samsung a decent advantage over the competition. The company typically unveils each new Galaxy Note phone at IFA, an annual tech show held in Berlin in September.</p>
<p dir="ltr">An early release would likely also mean a standalone event separate from the Berlin-based expo. It’s not unheard of, but it does break Samsung’s tradition.</p>
<p dir="ltr">The Galaxy Note 5 will apparently pack a massive 5.89-inch display with a 2K resolution. Rumors also point to a 4100mAh battery, a USB-C port, upgraded flash memory and an in-house Exynos 7422 processor. We’re expecting an upgraded design too, likely with plenty of glass and metal to match the Galaxy S6.</p>
<p dir="ltr">We’re still not really sure when the Galaxy Note 5 will arrive. We’d love to see the new phablet launch earlier than expected, though Samsung’s flat out denial does seem pretty definitive. Still, considering how persistent this rumor has turned out to be, we wouldn’t be too surprised if the device surfaced sooner rather than later.</p>
prejihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07628985740706143447noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1421721248378291188.post-28263853213550021842015-06-18T08:57:00.001+05:302015-06-18T08:57:41.310+05:30Are You a Student? Amazon Wants to Give You $10<p dir="ltr"></p>
<p dir="ltr">#<a href="http://www.pusatnews.com/en/tag//Amazon">Amazon</a> #<a href="http://www.pusatnews.com/en/tag//Student">Student</a> – <b>Are You a Student? Amazon Wants to Give You $10</b> – If you’re a student looking for a good last-minute Father’s Day gift for your dad, Amazon may have just given you the perfect solution: buy him a $50 gift card as a present, and get a $10 credit for yourself. The offer is available only to Amazon Student members, and all the details can be found below.</p><blockquote><img src="http://www.pusatnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/amazon-sign-kindle-fire-hd-700x336.jpg"><p dir="ltr"><b>Spend $50 or More on Select Father’s Day Amazon Gift Cards, Get a $10 Promotional Credit for Yourself</b><br>
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<blockquote><p dir="ltr">Show Dad you care with this Amazon Student-exclusive offer: Buy a Father’s Day gift card and get a $10 promotional code to spend on yourself. Just purchase at least $50 in select Father’s Day Amazon.com Gift Cards (shown below) in a single order by June 21, 2015 and we’ll email you a $10 promotional code to spend at Amazon.com. Here’s how:</p>
<p dir="ltr"><b>1.</b> Add at least $50 in Father’s Day gift cards (shown below) to your cart</p>
<p dir="ltr"><b>2.</b> Click the yellow button below or enter “<b>STUDENTFD</b>” in the “Gift Cards and Promotional Codes” box at checkout to qualify.</p>
<p dir="ltr"><b>3.</b> After your purchase, you’ll receive an email within 2 days containing a code for a $10 promotional credit that can be applied to your Amazon account for items sold and shipped by Amazon.com. Credit expires on August 31, 2015</p>
<p dir="ltr">A perfect present for dads, grandpas, and uncles, Amazon.com Gift Cards can be sent via email, printed at home, or sent through the mail (with Free One-Day Shipping). Amazon.com Gift Cards are redeemable storewide for millions of items and never expire. Learn how to use your promotional code. Terms and conditions apply; learn more.</p>
<p dir="ltr"><b>Important Notification:</b> This offer is valid <b>ONLY</b>to Amazon Student members with a free trial or paid membership to Amazon Prime. Not an Amazon Student? Go here to learn about and sign up for the program.<br>
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prejihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07628985740706143447noreply@blogger.com0