Biospleen to Filter the Blood
The recent issue of Nature reported the development of a
high-tech methodology to clean up the body from infection even if the causative
pathogen is unknown. This device inspired by the Spleen to clean up the blood
quickly and easily. This can be mentioned as an ‘artificial Biospleen’ to clean
up the blood.
Knowing about Spleen
The spleen is the organ that is responsible for purifying
the blood as well as storing blood cells. It is positioned in the superior
abdomen, and is the largest lymphatic organ in the body. The spleen serves a
valuable role in immune function because it purifies the blood and helps the
immune system with recognize and attack foreign antibodies and disease. The
spleen is composed of the red and white pulp. The white pulp produces and grows
immune cell as well as blood cells. On the other hand, the red pulp is
responsible for purifying the blood and removing dead or old blood cells.
Application of Artificial Biospleen
Infection in blood is difficult to identify and cure. Usually
more than 50% of time physicians treat this by antibiotic which attack on broad
range of pathogens. This approach is not always effective, and can lead to
antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
In search of a way to clear any infection, a team led by
Donald Ingber, a bioengineer at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired
Engineering in Boston, Massachusetts, developed an artificial 'biospleen' to
filter blood.
The filtering technology
Scientist used modified version of Mannose binding Lectin
(MBL). a protein found in humans that binds to sugar molecules on the surfaces
of more than 90 different bacteria, viruses and fungi, as well as to the toxins
released by dead bacteria that trigger the immune overreaction in sepsis.
The researchers coated magnetic nanobeads with MBL. As blood
enters the Biospleen device, passes by the MBL-equipped nanobeads, which bind
to most pathogens. A magnet on the Biospleen device then pulls the beads and
their quarry out of the blood, which can then be routed back into the patient.
Testing of the Biospleen in infected rats showed that 90% of
pathogens cleaned by the device in 5 hours. The researchers then tested whether
the Biospleen could handle the volume of blood in an average adult human —
about 5 litres. They ran human blood containing a mixture of bacteria and fungi
through the Biospleen at a rate of 1 litre per hour, and found that the device
removed most of the pathogens within five hours.
The Biospleen could also help to treat viral diseases such
as HIV and Ebola, in which survival depends on lowering the amount of virus in
the blood to a negligible level. This may be a future breakthrough
device to save human life.
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